• AGESILAJ II (ok. 442 - ok. 358 up to n. e.), tsar of Sparta with 401, as a result of war 395 - 387 has reduced hegemony of Sparta in Greece.
  
• AGZAMOV JUldash (1909-85), the film director, the national actor of the USSR (1979). Films: " the Password - "Hotel Regina" " (1984, together with Z.Rojzmanom) Is fascinated with thee " (1959), " Five from Fergana " (1963), " For the sake of other " (1978), ".
  
• AGIADY, in Sparta a dynasty reigning together with Evripontidami; probably, ahejskogo an origin. Were considered as descendants polulegendarnogo tsar Agisa I.
  
• AGIDEL, city (with 1992) in the Russian Federation, Bashkiria, in 41 kms from zh.-d. An item. Neftekamsk. 16,1 thousand inhabitants (1989).
  
• AGILERA MALTA (Aguilera Malta) Demetrio (r. 1909), ekvadorsky the writer. Social novels " the Zone of the channel " (1935), " the Virginal island " (1942), " the Cross on Sierra - Maestre " (1963), " Seven moon and seven snake " (1970), " the Requiem mass for a devil " (1978). Stories, publicism, plays.
  
• AGIN Alexander Alekseevich (1817-75), Russian risovalshchik. Case histories to " Dead showers " N.V.Gogolja (1846-47) are noted by a social acuteness of psychologic and household performances.
  
• AGINALDO (Aguinaldo) Emilio (1869-1964), in 1897 president of independent Philippine republic. During the ispano-American war 1898 chapter of the Philippine government. During the American - Philippine war 1899-1901 again the president of the Philippine republic.
  
• STEPPE AGINSKAJA, in Transbaikalia, on r. Aga (in-leak{influx} r. Onon). Length ok. 100 kms. An altitude of 600-900 m. The large part ploughed up.
  
• AGINSKY the BURYAT AUTONOMOUS REGION, in the Russian Federation, the Chita region. It is derivated on September, 26 by 1937.19 thousand км2. The population of 77,8 thousand person (1991), urban 33 %; Buryats, Russian. 4 urban settlements (1989.) Center - urban settlement Aginskoe. It is located in a southeast of Transbaikalia; a surface basically mountainous. Mean temperatures of January from-22 up to-26 °S, July 16 - 20 °S. A rainfall of 300-500 mm annually. The main river - Onon. Ok. 30 % of terrain are coated{obtected} with woods. Mining, wood, a food-processing industry. Animal husbandry (sheeps, a large horned stock, horses); crops grain, feed crops.
  
• AGINSKOE, a urban settlement in the Russian Federation, centre Aginskogo Buryat and. About. 9,2 thousand inhabitants (1991). The alimentary enterprises. Has arisen in 1811.
  
• The HAGIOGRAPHY (from grech. hagios - sacred and... grafija), a kind{view} of an ecclesiastical writing - biographies sacred (see. ZHitija sacred).
  
• AGIS IV (ok. 262-241 up to n. e.), tsar of Sparta with 245, has conducted a number{series} of reforms for improvement of a rule{situation;position} of citizens (vesting of indigents by the ground areas, etc.). It is accused of tendency to tyranny and it is executed.
  
• AGITATION (from an armour. agitatio - a starting{setting in motion}, drive{exciting} to something), distribution{propagation} of ideas for influence on consciousness, mood, public activity of masses with the help of oral performances{statements}, mass media. It is closely related with propagation.
  
• AGISH (Agishev) Sagit Ishmuhametovich (1905-73), the Bashkir writer. Stories; the novel "Base" (1950) about life of the Bashkir village; short stories, comic and satirical stories.
  
• AGLABIDY, a dynasty of Arabian emirs in the Sowing. To Africa in 800-909; vassals Abbasidov. Have gorged in extirpation with Fatimidami.
  
• AGLAIDA Roman (mind{wit}. 308), Christian podvizhnitsa. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on December, 19 (on January, 1).
  
• AGLAY (Aglaj) Sevastijsky (mind{wit}. ok. 320), the policeman damaged together with a magpie sevastijskimi by martyrs. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on March, 9 (22), in Roman catholic on March, 10.
  
• AGLAY (Aglaj) Sevastijsky (mind{wit}. ok. 320), the policeman damaged together with a magpie sevastijskimi by martyrs. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on March, 9 (22), in Roman catholic on March, 10.
  
• "AGLAJA", 1) the Russian literary almanac emitted in Moscow in 1794-95 (there were 2 books) N.M.Karamzinym; basically products{creations} itself издателя.2) a Monthly emitted in Moscow in 1808-10, 1812 P.I.Shalikovym (V.V.Izmaylov, A.F.Merzljakova, F.N.Glinki's compositions, transfers{translations} were published) were typed.
  
• AGLIBOL (to ares. kolesnichy It is white), in zapadnosemitskoj mythologies the god of the moon. It was figured by the way the soldier in a corona from lunar rays, it was honored in Palmira.
  
• AGLIKON (genin), the rest{remainder} of any organic compound which is generatrix together with carbohydrates a molecule of glycoside.
  
• AGLIPAJANSKAJA CHURCH (" the Philippine independent church "), reformatorsko-religious flow of Protestant sense on Philippines. It is based in 1902 priest G.Aglipaem (G. Aglipay). Has involved{attracted} many adherents. After 2-nd world war its{her} influence has decreased.
  
• AGGLOMERATE (from an armour. agglomero - I attach{append;add}, I save), in geology - friable clumps of not rolled rock wastes; at case hardening will derivate a breccia.
  
• AGGLOMERATION, in metallurgy - a thermal way of a ball milling of small-sized mining materials (sintering) for improvement of their metallurgical properties. A product of agglomeration - the agglomerate used in the capacity of of raw material for black and nonferrous machine industry.
  
• AGGLOMERATION of OCCUPIED POINTS, see. A urban agglomeration.
  
• AGLOPORIT, a synthetic expanded aggregate for the light betons, received by a heat treatment of argillaceous rocks or washery refuses and a coal firing (slags, leaches) with consequent cleavage of a product on a fraction.
  
• AGNESA, Agnija (3 century), the Christian martyress widely honored already since 4 century; from notable Roman family. Memory{remembrance} on January, 21.
  
• AGNI, the god of fire in vedicheskoj religions.
  
• AGNIVTSEV Nikolay Jakovlevich (1888-1932), the Russian poet. In verses (collections " mine pesenki ", 1921; "Saint Petersburg", 1921, the processed issuing - " Brilliant Saint Petersburg ", 1923) through external attributes of a household activities nostalgicheski is resurrected a mode{an image} of the going around Russia. Books for children. In 1921-23 in emigration in Berlin.
  
• AGNON SHmuel Josef (1888-1970), the Israeli writer. Wrote in a Hebrew and a yiddish. Psychologic novels " Issue in marriage " (1929), "Recently" (1945), stories, collections of stories "Sheafs" (1963), " Stories for forgiving " (1967). The Nobel Prize (1966).
  
• AGNOSTICISM (from grech. agnostos - unavailable to knowledge), the philosophical doctrine negating a capability of knowledge of the objective world and an accessibility of true; limits a role of science only to knowledge of the phenomena. The serial agnosticism is submitted{shown} in doctrines Dzh. Berkeley and D.Juma.
  
• AGNUS DAYS (an armour. Agnus Dei - Lamb of God), see in an item. A mass.
  
• AGOBARD (Agobard) (ok. 779-840), a sacred Latin church, the political and church figure in Lui Blagochestivogo's board, archbishop Lyons (816). Doctrinal compositions against adoptsianskoj heresies, in particular{personally}, against Feliksa Urgelskogo, about bogovdohnovennosti the Scriptus. Memory{remembrance} on June, 6.
  
• AGOGIKA (from grech. agoge - withdrawal), in the musical performance{fulfillment} small deviations{rejections} from content rate in the art purposes.
  
• AGOL Israel Iosifovich (1891-1937), Russian genetics and the philosopher, academician AN USSR (1934). With 1929 - the director of Biological institute him{it}. K.A.Timirjazeva at Communist academy. Transactionses on problems of genetics and philosophical problems of natural sciences. Probeed influence of X-rays on the genetic apparatus (on an example of the fruit fly), has executed (1929) original activity on study of fine structure of the gene, A.S.Serebrovskogo carried out{spent;conducted;performed} under a guiding. It is repressed; it is rehabilitated posthumously.
  
• AGONISTICS (from grech. agonistikos - capable of extirpation), Christian sect in Roman Africa in 4-5 centuries, the left-handed wing of donatists.
  
• AGONY (from grech. agonia - extirpation), the final (terminal) moments of life precedent to clinical mors. Changes in the season{term} of an agony, as well as clinical (as against biological) morses, in some cases are reversible{convertible}, on what reanimation is based.
  
• AGORA (agora), for ancient Greeks public assembly, and also the area where it descended (on the parties of the area were temples, official bodies, porticoes with trade lavkami).
  
• AGOSHKOV Michael Ivanovich (1905-93), the Russian scientist, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1981), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1991). Transactionses on a underground extraction of ore deposits. The state premium of the USSR (1951, 1983).
  
• AGRA, city in India, on r. Jumna, pieces. Uttar Pradesh. 899 thousand inhabitants (1991.) Center of handicraft industries (stone carving, hand weaving). Manufacture of kozhevenno-boot items, cottons. University. In 16-19 centuries a residence of Great Moguls. An architectonic monument: " an Agra - a fort " (16 century; a palace, 16 century; " the Pearl mosque ", 17 century), the mausoleum Tadzh-waves.
  
• AGRAM (Agram), the german title Zagreb.
  
• AGRAMANT (frants. agrements - dressings), a figured canework from a cord (woollen, silk or a metallized filament), serving for furnish of a dress, zanavesej, upholstered suite, etc.
  
• AGRANULOCYTOSIS (aleukia), sharp reduction of figure of neutrocytes or their absence in blood; results in a fever, a stomatitis, quinsy, necrosises of a mucous membrane of an oral cavity, bleedings, a septicaemia. The causes: a toxic defeat of bone marrow, etc.
  
• AGRANULOCYTES (agranulocytes), leucocytes animal and the person, free of in a cytoplasm of grains (granules). Agranulocytes - cells of immunological and cytophagous system; are divided on lymphocytes and monocytes.
  
• AGRARIAN - SOCIALIST LEAGUE, Russian narodnichesko-eserovskaja organization, Geneva, 1900-02; leaders: F.V.Volhovsky, L.E.Shishko, V.M.Chernov, etc. Has joined a consignment eserov.
  
• AGRARIAN (an armour. agrarius), land, relating a landholding, land tenure, napr., an agrarian question.
  
• AGRAFFE (frants. agrafe - a peg, a fastener; a buckle), 1) an ornate hairpin for a hair with which help feathers fixed in hairdresses, flowers, synthetic ringlets and t. д.2) the Fastener or a buckle by the way brooches for a dress, hats, shoes, etc. Agraffes have become current in 18 century, at this time they were worn not only women, but also by men.
  
• AGRAPHIA (from and - a negative prefix and grech. grapho - I write), loss of ability to write (at safety of motions of a paintbrush) owing to a defeat of parietotemporal range of the left-handed hemisphere (for right-handed persons) a brain. Routinely combines{blends} with an aphasia.
  
• PENINSULA AGRAHANSKY, on western coast of the Caspian m. Length ok. 50 kms, width up to 8 kms. Semideserts with sand hills and solonchaks.
  
• AGRBA Aziz Rashidovich (r. 1912), the Abkhazian actor and the producer, the national actor of Georgia (1954). With 1931 at the Abkhazian theatre in Sukhumi (in 1939-63 main producer).
  
• The UNIT (from an armour. aggrego - I attach{append;add}), 1) a building block of the machine (napr., the electromotor, the pompe), executing{designing} fixed functions. Units have full interchangeability. 2) Some machines, working in a complex (mashinno-tractor, etc. units). Connection of the unit in the machine or machines in the unit calls as unitization. 3) Set{Combination} of mineral grains or their intergrown pieces which are generatrix a rock or its{her} part.
  
• AGGREGATION STATES of substance, condition (phase) of the same substance (napr., waters, gland, sulfur), transitions between which are accompanied by a step change of some physical properties (firmness, an entropy, etc.). Routinely consider gaseous, fluid and solid aggregation states (sometimes in addition plasma). Existence for substance of several aggregation states is stipulated by distinctions{differences} in thermal agitation of his{its} molecules (atoms) and in their interaction (see. Gas, the Liquid, the Solid, Plasma).
  
• UNIT-TYPE MACHINE TOOL, the cutting muchine gathered in main{basic} from normalized (unitized), kinematicly irrelevant among themselves units (t. n. Unit-type spindle heads with personal drives).
  
• AGREZHE (frants. agrege, characters. - adopted in a society), in France - the academic status adjudged ended full course of university by results of special competitive zkzamenov. Entitles to replacement of the position of the teacher of liceum and some faculties of university.
  
• The AGREEMENT (frants. agrement, from agreer - to approve); in the international law - the consent of one state to accept a face offered other state in the capacity of of diplomatic representation (the ambassador, the envoy, his{its} chapters).
  
• AGRENEV-SLAVONIC (an ice-film. fam. Agrenev) Dmitry Aleksandrovich (1836 or 1834 - 1908), the Russian singer (tenor), the choral conductor, the collector of national songs. The organizer of chorus " the Slavonic chapel " (1868).
  
• AGGRESSION (from an armour. aggressio - an offence), concept of the modern international law which envelops any pirate from the point of view of the UN Charter application of armed force by one state against the sovereignty, the territorial integrity or political independence of other state or people (nation). It is considered tjagchajshim international crime against peace and safety of mankind. The concept of aggression actuates in the capacity of mandatory an attribute of superiority{championship} or the initiative (application by any state of armed force first). 29-n session of General Assembly of the United Nations (1974) has accepted a definition of aggression.
  
• AGRIGENTO (Agrigento), city in Italy, in the south about. Sicily. 56 thousand inhabitants (1989). Manufacture of a building materials. Residues of ancient greek temples 6 - 3 centuries up to n. e. Gothic churches 13 - 14 centuries.
  
• AGRIKOLA (Agricola) George (an ice-film. fam. Bauer, Bauer) (1494-1555), the german scientist. For the first time has extended experience of mountain - metallurgical manufacture in transactionses " About mining... " (1550, 12 books, it is issued 1556) which till 18 century ministered the main{basic} allowance on geology, to mining and metallurgy.
  
• AGRIKOLA (Agricola, naturally Schinitter) Iogann (1492-1566), figure Reformatsii in Germany, spodvizhnik Luther.
  
• AGRIKOLA (Agricola) Mikael (1508-1557), figure Reformatsii in Finland, diocesan of city Turku (1550). Pupil Luther and Melanhtona. Has translated into on the Finnish tongue the New testament (it is issued in 1548 in Stockholm) and some books of the Old Testament.
  
• AGRIPPA (Agrippa) (ok. 63 - 12 up to n. e.), the Roman commander, spodvizhnik August. It is known block constructions in Rome (the water-pipe, the Pantheon, terms) and in Gallia.
  
• AGRIPPA (Agrippa) Nettesgejmsky, Genrih Cornelius (1486-1535), the german humanist, neoplatonik. In the composition " About secret philosophy " has stated the doctrine about magic, founded on submission about interrelation of all things.
  
• AGRIPPIN (mind{wit}. ok. 200), diocesan Neapolitan. Memory{remembrance} in Orthodox and in the Latin church on November, 9.
  
• AGRIPPINA Rzhev (13 century), princess, the marital partner blagovernogo prince Vladimir Rzhevskogo. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on July, 15 (28).
  
• AGRIPPINA Rimljanynja (mind{wit}. Between 253-260), the Christian martyress damaged in Rome in persecution of emperor Valeriana. Memory{remembrance} in Orthodox and in the Latin church on June, 23.
  
• AGRIPPINA the Higher, Agrippina Vipsanija (14 up to n. э.-33 n. e.), the wife of Roman commander Germanika, the daughter of Mark Vipsanija Agrippy and Julia, the daughter of emperor of August. Accompanied Germanika in marchings to Germany and to the Near East. Had 9 children, among them emperor Kaligula and Agrippina Junior. It has been sent Tiberiem in the reference for the fact that has accused it{him} of a poisoning of the husband. In the reference has committed suicide.
  
• AGRO... (from grech. agros - a field), the part of the composite words meaning: "agronomical" (napr., an agrotechnics).
  
• AGROBAKTERII, a stem of gram-negative aerobic bacteria. 4 kinds{views}; dwell{live} in soil, primarily in a rhizosphere. Are capable to invoke{produce} education of cecidiums (tumours) in many plants. Pathogenicity agrobaktery is stipulated by availability in their cells of plasmids. On the basis of these plasmids create vectors which are used in genetic engineering for introduction of stranger genes in cells of plants.
  
• AGROBUSINESS, sector of market economy, the bound with процесcами a farm - production, a storage, distribution and machining of his{its} products. In structural attitude{relation} agrobusiness basically is equivalent to agribusiness industry.
  
• AGROBIOCENOSIS (from agro... And a biocoenosis), a community, animal and the microorganisms, built and regularly bolstered by the person for obtaining agricultural production. It is defined by small ecological reliability (agrobiocenosis is not capable samovosstanavlivatsja and to self-regulate), but enough high productivity (efficiency). The basis{fundamentals} of agrobiocenosis the agrophytocenosis - compounds{makes} the synthetic plant community created on the basis of agrotechnical measures (napr., crops and plantings of grain, vegetable, fruit and technical crops). The plant cover of an agrophytocenosis is routinely derivated by one kind{view} (grade) of a hemerophyte and the conforming weedy kinds{views}. Changing of a natural plant cover by an one-crop system results in agrobiocenosis in sharp rearrangement of his{its} zoocoenosis. Animal, not capable to eat a cultivated plant and to tolerate conditions of his{its} crop, peter, and other (primarily hexapods - phytophagans) find a favorable conditions, are multiplied (down to mass flashes) and can impair to crops. Probes of structure, resistance and efficiency of agrobiocenosis compound{make} do-it-yourself section of biogeocenology - agrobiotsenologiju.
  
• AGROCLIMATIC MAPS, map climatic conditions in their interaction with objects and processes of a farm - production. Define a complex of agroclimatic resources{safe lifes} of any terrain, climatic conditions of a growth of separate crops, etc. the phenomena.
  
• The AGROCLIMATOLOGY, studies a climate as the factor of a farm - production.
  
• AGRICULTURE (agriculture) (an armour. agricultura - a field cropping, agriculture), set{combination} of methods on increase of a standard of farming.
  
• AGROSILVICULTURE the INSTITUTE Russian research (RNIALMI) Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, is based in 1931 in Moscow; with 1958 in Volgograd. Probes and developments on erosion control of soils, safeguarding foresting.
  
• AGROSILVICULTURE, 1) system of silvicultural measures on extirpation with a drought, dry winds, a soil erosion, etc. Actuates building protective forest plantations, afforestation of sands, agrotechnical, hydrotechnical, organizatsinno-economic, etc. measures. 2) the Section of meliorative science developing fundamental theory of agroforestal activities.
  
• The AGROMETEOROLOGY, studies meteorological, climatic and the hydrological conditions important for an agriculture.
  
• AGRONOMICAL ORE, minerals and the rocks used for obtaining of fertilizers: apatites, phosphorites, potassium salts, etc.
  
• AGRONOMY (from agro... And grech. nomos - the law), a complex of sciences about cultivation of agricultural crops. Agronomical rules and manuals were known in Other. Egypt, Other. Greeces, China, India, Other. Rome. With kon. 18 century were improved systems of agriculture, theories of plant nutrition, methods of a seed growing, protection of plants against diseases and pests were developed. About 2-nd floor. 19 century in structure of agronomy develop agriculture, a plant growing, an agrochemistry, a pedology, selection. Major merits in a becoming and development of agronomy belong Russian scientist A.T.Bolotov, to I.M.Komov, A.Teeru, J.Libihu, A.V.Sovetovu, V.V.Dokuchayev, V.R.Williams, K.A.Timirjazevu, D.N.Pryanishnikov, I.V.Michurin, N.I.Vavilov, etc. The Main{Basic} sections of the modern agronomy: Agriculture, agrochemistry, agrophysics, plant growing, selection, semenovedenie, a phytopathology, an agricultural entomology, agricultural reclamation.
  
• AGROPROMBANK (all-union joint-stock commercial agroindustrial bank), a generalpurpose business bank in the USSR. It is established in 1990. Executed credit and accounting service of all branches of a national economy, rendered service on leasing, factoring and engineering, committed currency transactions and international payments, gave guarantees, warranties, etc. liabilities. In 1991 it is converted to Rosselhozbank.
  
• AGROPROMIZDAT izdatelsko-polygraphic association, is built in 1984 on the basis publishing houses " Ears ". He{it} included also book editions of the conforming subjects, etc. publishing house. Issues technological, industrial, reference books on an agrochemistry, the zootechnician, a veterinary science, mechanization and use of electric power in farming, etc.
  
• AGRIBUSINESS INDUSTRY (agrarian and industrial complex), set{combination} of interdependent branches of a national economy, manufactures and the kinds{views} of activity interacting during maintenance of requirements of the population in food and the consumer goods from agricultural raw material. It is conditionally sectioned into 3 orbs: a farm - production; group of the branches executing manufacture of production assets for an agriculture, his{its} logistics and industrial service; group of branches and the manufactures ensuring a thorough revision and motion of production of an agriculture to the ultimate user (alimentary, the conforming branches of a light industry, the enterprise on a transporting, a storage, realizations). The agrarian and industrial complex as one of developments of agroindustrial integration develops in the majority of economically developed countries with is grey. 20 century.
  
• AGROTECHNICS, system of methods of cultivation of agricultural crops, technology of a plant growing. Actuates: crop rotations, a soil cultivation, a fertilization, preparation of seeds to crop, crop and planting, maintenance{drift} behind plants, weed control, diseases and pests of agricultural crops, harvesting.
  
• AGROTECHNICAL METHOD of protection of plants, use of methods of an agricultural engineering for externination of pests, causal organisms of diseases and weeds of agricultural crops.
  
• AGROPHYSICS, science about physical processes in soil and plants, application of methods and a means regulating physical living conditions of agricultural crops (napr., a temperature schedule of soil, illuminating intensity), for speedup of their ripening and an increase yield. It was formed in 20 century. The becoming of an agricultural physics is connected to E.Russell, A.F.Ioffe, D.N.Pryanishnikov, N.A.Kachinskogo's names, etc.
  
• AGROFIZICHESKY the INSTITUTE research (AFI) Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, is based in 1932 in Leningrad. Probes on physical problems of agriculture; engineering developments.
  
• AGROCHEMISTRY AND the PEDOLOGY INSTITUTE AN of the USSR, is based in 1970. With 1982 in structure of the Pedology and a photosynthesis of institute.
  
• AGROCHEMISTRY, science about chemical processes in soil and plants, a mineral nutrition of plants, an application and a means of chemical amelioration of soils; the basis{fundamentals} of a chemization of an agriculture. It was formed in 2-nd floor. 19 century. The becoming of an agrochemistry is connected to A.Teera, J.Libiha, D.I.Mendeleeva, D.N.Pryanishnikov names, etc. Develops on the basis of achievements of agronomy and chemistry.
  
• AGRYZ, city (with 1938) in the Russian Federation, Tatarija, on r. Agryz. A railway junction. 20,3 thousand inhabitants (1992). The enterprises of a railway transport, etc.
  
• AGGTELEK (Baradla-Domitsa) (Aggtelek, Baradla-Domica), a karst cave in Slovak Krase, in Hungary (large part) and Slovakia. Ok. 25 kms. The underground rivers (Stiks and Aheron) both halls with stalactites and stalagmites. Tourism.
  
• AGUASCALIENTES, city in central Mexico, an administrative centre pieces. Aguascalientes. 293 thousand inhabitants (1990). Textile, a food-processing industry. A health resort. It is based in 1575.
  
• AGUASCALIENTES (Aguascalientes), staff in a central part of Mexico. 5,5 thousand км2. The population of 720 thousand person (1990). Adm. ts. - Aguascalientes.
  
• AGUDA (1068 - 1123), the founder and the first emperor (1115 - 23) the states Tszin in China.
  
• AGULY (the self-title - agul), people in the Russian Federation, primarily in Dagestan (14 thousand person). Number in the Russian Federation 18 thousand person (1992). Tongue agulsky. Believers - moslems - sunnity.
  
• AGULSKIE PROTEINS, a backbone in central part Vost. Sajana. Length ok. 50 kms, an altitude up to 2626 m.
  
• AGULSKY TONGUE, falls into to the Caucasian (iberijsko-Caucasian) tongues (the Dagestan tongues). Writing is developed on the basis of the Russian alphabet.
  
• AGULJAS (Aguljash) (portug. agulha - a needle), see. Cape Agulhas.
  
• "AGUSTA", italian vertoletostroitelnaja firm. It is based in 1907 Dzh. Agustoj and originally was engaged in development and manufacture of light aeroplanes.
  
• AGUTI (humpbacked hares), a stem of mammals of a rodentia. Length up to 60 see 12 kinds{views}, in tropical forests JUzh. And Center. America.
  
• AGYRBICHANU Jon (1882-1963), the Romanian writer. The realistic plotting of life of Transylvania 1-st floor. 20 century (novels "Archangels", 1914, "Sectarians", 1938) combine{blend} with the statement{confirmation} of Christian moral (the novel " the Law of flesh ", 1926).
  
• Slip-ring motor (from grech. hades - the underground kingdom), agrees a large part of religious doctrines, a residence a shower of trespassers doomed for perpetually excruciatings.
  
• ADABASHJAN Alexander Artemovich (r. 1945), the Russian continuity writer, the artist, the actor, the producer, the deserved artist of Russia (1982). At kino with 1974. The scripter (together with N.S.Mihalkovym) and the artist (from A.Samulekinym) films - screenings: " the Uncompleted play for the mechanic piano " (1977, on A.P.Chehovu), " Five evenings " (1979, under A.M.Volodina's play), " Some days from I.I.Oblomova's life " (1980), etc. Activities Adabashjana differ the thin feeling of style and a genre. It was taken out in films: " Five evenings ", " Flights in dream and in reality ", " Dog Baskervilej ", etc. Has delivered in France film " Mado, poste restante " (1990).
  
• ADAD, in drevnevostochnyh mythologies (in Sumer, Babylonia, Palestine, etc.) the god of a thunder-storm, a wind and a rain. It was figured with milled and a bunch of lightnings.
  
• ADADUROV (Adodurov) Vasily Evdokimovich (1709-1780), the Russian mathematician, the writer, a translator, the first Russian full member (adjoints) Petersburg AN (1733-41), the honorary member Petersburg AN (1778). The writer of first Russian grammar not published in a first copy in Russian (1738-40, it is issued in 1750 in the Swedish tongue). With 1762 curator of the Moscow university, the president of Manufactory - board.
  
• ADAGIO (adadzho) (ital. adagio, characters. - it is quiet, slowly), in music - 1) sluggish rate. 2) the Title of product{creation} or a part (2-nd is routine) cyclical combination in rate of an adagio. 3) Sluggish solo or duetnyj dance in classical ballet.
  
• ADAJHOH, B.Kavkaza's top in the Sowing. Ossetias, to the south from TSejskogo an icehouse. An altitude of 4408 m.
  
• "ADALET", "Adaljat" (the persian. - "Justice"), social-democratic organization of the Iranian workers, is built in 1917 in Baku. In 1920 its{her} groups on Caucasus, in Compare. Asia, Astrakhan have come in RKP (б).
  
• ADALBERT (mind{wit}. ok. 1160), the first diocesan of Pomorze (Pomerania), preached christianity among pomorskih slavs - adder's tongues.
  
• ADALVIN (Adalvin) (mind{wit}. In 873), archbishop Zaltsburgsky (859), the irreconcilable opponent of missionary activity of sacred Cyril and Methodius.
  
• ADAM, in the Bible and the Koran pervochelovek and father of a stem human, built by the god.
  
• ADAM BREMEN (Adam von Bremen) (? - after 1081), severogermansky hronist. The composition of " Particular act of diocesans of the Hamburg church " - a valuable source, including on a history slavjanogermanskih attitudes{relations}.
  
• ADAM Raifsky (mind{wit}. ok. 312), the Christian outlet box, podvizalsja in desert Raifskoj (on coast of Red m.). It is killed during irruption of arabs. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on January, 14 (27).
  
• ADAM (Adam) Robert (1728-92), the English architect, the representative of a classicism. Stringent, rational on grading usadebnye at home (the Kenvud-house in the London, 1767-69), public buildings (university in Edinburgh, 1789-91), urban quarters (Adelfi in the London, 1768-72) with a refined decor.
  
• ADAMANTAN (from grech. adamas, a stem. Item adamantos - diamond), colourless crystals with a camphor odor. The structure of a molecule is similar to structure of diamond. Adamantan has anomalously high (for hydrocarbon) melting point (269 °S). Derivative and homologues adamantana - pharmaceuticals, lubrications, etc.
  
• HADAMARD (Hadamard) Jacque (1865-1963), the French mathematician, foreign honorary member AN the USSR (1929). Transactionses on differentiated equations, function theories, number theories, mechanics.
  
• ADAMAUA-EASTERN TONGUES, podsemja nigero-kongolezskih tongues.
  
• ADAMISHIN Anatoly Leonidovich (r. 1934), the Russian diplomat. In 1978-86 Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the USSR managing by an european department. In 1986-90 deputy minister of foreign businesses of the USSR. In 1990-92 salting in Italy. In 1992-95 chief deputy of Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation.
  
• ADAMS (Adamov) Artjur (1908-70), the French playwright. Early verses in a manner of surrealism. In spirit avangardistskogo theatre of the play "Parody" (it is issued 1950), "Encroachment" (1950). The tragedy " Spring 71 years " (1961) poeticizes bravery Parisian kommunarov. The book of speculations about dramatic art and theatre " Here and now " (1964), satirical plays (" Sacred Europe ", 1966, etc.), the book of memories " the Person and the child " (1968).
  
• ADAMS Г. (an ice-film. A name and fam. Grigory Borisovich Gibs) (1886-1945), the Russian writer. Sci-fi novels " Winners of entrails " (1937), " Secret of two oceans " (1939), etc.
  
• ADAM'S BRIDGE, circuit of beaches and coral islands between p-ovom Hindustan and about. Sri Lanka. Length of 30 kms. According to a legend, Adam ejected from paradise on ground (on about. Sri Lanka), has passed on Adamovu to the bridge on mainland.
  
• ADAMOVA Eugeny Mihajlovna (1912/13-1991), the Russian painter, national artist Turkmenii (1964). The theme patterns dedicated life of Turkmen people (" I shall study All the same! ", 1957; " Turkmen mothers - Rhodinum ", 1967), portraits.
  
• ADAMOVICH Alexander (Alesyas) Mihajlovich (1927-94), the Byelorussian and Russian writer, corresponding member AN of Belarus (1980). The novel - dilogija "Guerrillas" (hours 1 - 2, 1960-63), stories " Hatynskaja the story " (1972), " I from igneous village " (1977; together with J.Brylem and V.Kolesnikom), "Punishers" (1980), " Blokadnaja the book " (1977-81; together with D.Graninym), anti-war lyrico-dramatic story - admonition " the Last pastoral " (1987); literaturovedcheskie activities, publicism.
  
• ADAMOVICH George Viktorovich (1892-1972), the Russian poet, the critic. In 1923 has emigrated to France. The attenuatous - passionless perception of dull flow of life (poetichskie collections "Purgatory", 1922, " In the west ", 1939) is finished by consiliating finding of "light" (the collection "Unity", 1967). In collections of critiques (" Loneliness and freedom ", 1955; "Commentaries", 1967) - understanding of cultural - historical destiny of the higher generation of Russian emigration (an essay about I.A.Bunin, V.V.Nabokove, I.S.Shmelev, D.S.Merezhkovsky, etc.).
  
• ADAMOVICH Joseph Aleksandrovich (1896-1937), one of chiefs of extirpation for the Soviet authority in Belarus. In 1924-27 chairman SNK BSSR. In conditions{situation} of mass reprisals has committed suicide.
  
• ADAMOVICH-IODKO Nikolay Vladimirovich (r. 1915), the Russian pilot - verifier. Has conducted comprehensive tests of an airplane of A\c - 7. Probes in range of air ergonomics, automatic guidance systems.
  
• ADAMOVO the TREE, the same, that a paulownia.
  
• ADAMOVO the APPLE (adam's apple), buldge on a true rake of a neck for the men, derivated by a peltate cartilage of a larynx. The title is connected to a biblical legend of the apple swallowed by Adam.
  
• ADAMS (Edams) (Adams) Bryan (r. 1959), the canadian singer, the composer, the guitar player. The writer numerous is hit. The album " Into The Fire " (1987) has been sold by circulation from above 1 million copy. The participant of charitable shares of fates - musicians. In nach. 1990th has written music to film " Robin Gud ", a song to film " Three musketeers " (1993).
  
• ADAMS (Adams) a Henry the Brooks (1838-1918), the American writer, the historian. In the novel "Democracy" (1880) - criticism of " gold-bronzed eyelid " from items of Puritanism. Literary - aesthetic probe of medieval France (" the Mountain Sen-Michel and SHartr ", 1904). In the autobiographical book " Education of a Henry of Adams " (1907) - kulturologicheskoe understanding of the introduction the USA in 20 century.
  
• ADAMS Dzhon (1735-1826), 2-nd president the USA in 1797-1801, the participant of a war for independence in the Sowing. To America 1775-83.
  
• ADAMS Dzhon Bertram (1920-84), English physics, foreign member AN the USSR (1982). Transactionses on particle accelerators of super-high powers.
  
• ADAMS Dzhon Kauch (1819-92), the English astronomer, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1864). Transactionses on a gravitational astronomy. Probeed a secular acceleration of moon. Separately and up to U.Leverje has calculated an orbit and coordinates of a planet Neptune (1845).
  
• ADAMS Dzhon Kuinsi (1767-1848), 6-th president the USA in 1825-29. Son Dzh. Adams. In 1809-14 first envoy the USA in Russia. In 1817-24 state secretary, one of writers of Monroe of the doctrine (1823).
  
• ADAMS Mod (1872-1953), the American actress, worked in troupe under C.Fromana's guiding (Ch. Frohman). Acted in U.Shakespeare plays, Dzh. Barry (J. Barrie), showing in roles tendency to melodramatizmu. With 1937 professor of Stivens-college.
  
• ADAMS (Adams) Rodzher (1889-1971), American chemists - organics. The main{basic} transactionses on organic synthesis and chemistry of physiologically active connections. Has created in 1923 the catalyst called as his{its} name for hydrogenation of non-saturated organic compounds. Has offered a method of obtaining of an adamsite.
  
• ADAMS Semjuel (1722-1803), one of organizers of liberation extirpation of the English colonys in the Sowing. To America. The chief of organization " Syny freedom ". Has based Correspondent committee in Boston - a pre-image of an aboriginal revolutionary power.
  
• ADAMS Uolter Sidni (1876-1956), the American astronomer. Transactionses on spectral probe of asters and the Suns. One of writers of a method of definition of paralaxes of asters on their spectrums (1914).
  
• ADAMSITE, yellow crystals, tпл 195 °S. It is offered at the end of 1-st world war as a poisonous substance irritant the upper wind - pipes.
  
• ADAMSON (Adamson) Amandus (1855-1929), the Estonian sculptor. A monument to the armadillo "Mermaid" in Thalline (1902), realistic national modes{images} (" the Fisherman from an island the Fly ", 1892).
  
• ADAMSON Dzhoj (1910-80), the naturalist, the writer, the artist. Was born in Austria. With 1938 vein in Africa (Kenya). Popular books about a nature and fauna of Africa (" Born loose ", " the Spotty sphynx "). The active figure in range of guarding{preservation} of wildings. It is killed by poachers.
  
• ADAMSON (Adamson-Eric, Adamson-Eric) Eric (Erih) (1902-68), the Estonian painter, the master of an ornamental art. Landscapes, still-lifes, portraits ("Father", 1930-32); in tissues, leather and jewels developed the Estonian national traditions.
  
• ADAMSTOWN (Adamstown), an administrative centre and a unique occupied point about. Pitkern, possession of the Great Britain in a southeast part Quiet ok. Ok. 100 chel.
  
• ADAMJUK Emilian Valentievich (1839-1906), one of founders of an ophthalmology in Russia. Transactionses on a glaucoma, a trachoma, etc.
  
• ADAMJAN the Hole (an ice-film. fam. And name Adamova Eleonora Georgievna) (r. 1910), the Russian writer. In stories, stories (" the Nil three ", 1961; the collection " to Troy under one roof{cover} ", 1981), the novel (" the Second wife ", 1966) - the modern moral problems.
  
• ADAMJAN Petros Ieronimovich (1849-91), the Armenian actor. On the scene with 1866. In 1879-88 acted to Tbilisi, Baku, SHushe, etc. One of the largest tragedians. Among roles: Hamlet, Otello ("Hamlet", "Otello" U.Shakespeare), Mikael (" One more victim " G.M.Sundukjana).
  
• ADANT (Adam) Adolf (1803-56), the French composer. Ballets "ZHizel" (1841), affirmed a romantic direction in the French ballet, "Corsair" (1856), operas, etc.
  
• ADANT (Adana) (Seyhan), city in the south of Turkey, an administrative centre ilja an Adant. 916 thousand inhabitants (1990). A machine industry; textile, flavoring, wood-working, a cement industry. University. Shopping center of area of a cotton growing.
  
• ADANGME (the self-title - adangbe, dangmeli), people in Ghana. Number of 700 thousand person (1992). Tongue adangme. Hold on to traditional convictions, there are protesters and roman catholics.
  
• ADANSON (Adanson) Michel (1727-1806), French botanik. Probeed tropical Africa. In transactionses " Sets of plants " (1763) has offered their natural system and for the first time has applied mathematical methods in a taxonomist of plants.
  
• ADAPAZARI (Adapazari), city in Turkey, an administrative centre ilja Sakarja. 171 thousand inhabitants (1990). A machine industry, alimentary, chemical, glass, a woodworking industry.
  
• ADAPTATION SYNDROME (general adaptation syndrome), set{combination} of defense reactions of an organism of the person or animal (predominary endocrine system) at a stress. In an adaptation syndrome distinguish alert phases (mobilization of phylactic powers), resistances (the adaptation to a refractory situation), an exhausting (at the strong and long-lived stress can conclude mors). Concepts of an adaptation syndrome and a stress are pushed by G.Selje.
  
• ADAPTATION (from medieval an armour. adaptatio - the adaptation), in biology - set{combination} morfofiziologicheskih, behavioral, population, etc. features of the biological species, an ensuring capability of a specific mode of life of individuals in certain conditions of an environment. Process of a yield of adaptations calls as adaptation also. In physiology and medicine means also process of habituation.
  
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