ANTIPIN Peter Fedorovich (1890-1960), the Russian metallurgist, corresponding member AN the USSR (1939). Transactionses on metallurgy of aluminium and electrochemistry of melts.

FIRE RETARDANTS (from anti... And grech. pyr - fire), substances (an ammonium phosphate, a bore, connection of antimony, solid chlorinated hydrocarbons, etc.), depressing combustibility of wood, tissues, plastics materials, etc. organic materials. Are applied, napr., by the way solutions with which soak a material.

ANTIPYROGENS, substances (water, solutions of a sodium silikate, antioxidants, etc.), handicapping a spontaneous combustion of carbons, ores, etc.

ANTIPOV Jury Aleksandrovich (r. 1915), the deserved pilot - verifier of the USSR (1959), the colonel, the Hero of Soviet Union (1957). Tests of the piston and reactive fighters the Instant, Ac, Su, the Yak.

ANTIPODES (from anti... And grech. pus, a stem. Item podos - a leg), inhabitants of diametrically opposite points on a surface of a terrestrial globe. Figuratively - people with counter views, tastes or character traits.

ANTIPODES OPTICAL, the same, that enantiomery (see in an item. Enantiomerija). To optical antipodes attribute also enantiomorfnye forms of some crystals, napr. Crystal (see. Enantiomorphism).

ANTIPROTON, the antiparticle of a proton distinguished from him{it} by marks of an electric charge, baryon charge and magnetic moment.

ANTIRADS, kind{view} of stabilizers of polymers.

The ANTINOVEL, see " the New novel ".

ANTIRRINUM (snapdragon), a stem of perennial grasses of a set of a figwort family. St. 40 kinds{views}, in Boreal hemisphere. In crop 1 kind{view} as an ornamental plant; object of genetic probes.

ANTISEISMIC CONSTRUCTION, erection of buildings and structures with allowance for possible{probable} influence on them of seismic (inertial) forces. Implements in the areas subject to earthquakes by force of 7-9 balls. Earthquake resistance of structures is ensured with the special design measures rising{elevating;improving;raising} toughness and solidity of load-carrying structures (napr., use for multistory buildings of framework structures from steel and steel concrete, with monolithic reinforced-concrete walls), etc. The Large value in antiseismic construction has high quality of building timbers and activities.

ANTI-SEMITISM, the form of national and religious prejudices and the intolerance, hostile attitude{relation} to Jews (the term of "anti-Semitism" has appeared in 1870-80-Õ). In a course of history of anti-Semitism accepted different forms - from false charges and any stem of discrimination before mass deportations, bloody massacres and genocide. The marginal form has acquired in policy of the German fascism. See also the Holocaust.

ANTISEPTIC (from anti... And grech. septikos - purulent), a method of the warning of infection of wounds and treatments of contaminated wounds by influence on pathogenic microbes chemical (antiseptic agents) or bioassay techniques. It is offered Dzh. A Lister in 1867.

ANTISEPTIC AGENTS.. 1) the substances having antimicrobic action and used primarily for disinfection, lubrication of a leather and mucous membrane, an irrigation of wounds and cavities (napr., a boric acid, tetraethyl-diamino-triphenyl-carbohydride sulphate)... 2) the Chemicals used for protection{preservation} from destruction by microorganisms of wood, plastics materials, textile, leathers, foodstuffs, etc. (napr., phenols and their derivative, a creosote, a benzoic acid, etc.). With this means soak or cover a protected material or introduce them into his{its} structure.

" ANTI-SOVIET TROTSKISTSKOJ MILITARY ORGANIZATION " BUSINESS (" Business military "), cooked in 2-nd floor. 1930th business under the charge of some large commanders in organization of " a military - fascist plot ", preparation of overthrow of the Soviet authority by armed revolt and a defeat of the USSR in the future war, espionage and harmful activity, building of terrorist groups for preparation of terroristic acts against chiefs of a consignment and government. On business have been involved{attracted} 8 person - M.N.Tukhachevsky, A.I.Kork, I.E.Jakir, I.P.Uborevich, V.K.Putna, R.P.Ejdeman, V.M.Primakov, B.M.Feldman. Business is considered on June, 11 1937 in Moscow by the Special bar of the Supreme Court of the USSR derivated for it in the closed session of the court. All indictees are sentenced to shooting. The sentence is carried into execution. The military board of the Supreme Court of the USSR in 1957 sentence concerning all convicted has cancelled and put manufacture has stopped behind absence in their actions of an actus reus.

ANTISTATIC SUBSTANCES, the substances depressing static{quiescent} electrifying of chemical fibers, plastics materials, gums, etc., napr., surfactants, powders of metals, carbon black. Action is based primarily on increase of an electrical conductance of the material stipulating a charge leakage. Antistatic substances introduce into structure of materials at their thorough revision or put by the way solutions or emulsions on a surface of items.

ANTISFEN from Athenes (ok. 450 - ok. 360 up to n. e.), the ancient greek philosopher, the founder of school kinikov, pupil Gorgija and Sokrata. Led an ascetical mode of life and preached failure{refusal} of any requirements (autarchy).

ANTI-TAURUS (Anti-Taurus), the title 2 hrebtov (Tahtaly, an altitude up to 3054 m, and Binboga) in a central part of Taurus mountains, in Turkey. Length ok. 200 kms. Laurilignosas and bushes; in a north - dry steppes.

CONTRAST (from grech. antithesis - an opposition), a stylistic figure, comparison or opposition of contrast concepts, rules{situations;positions}, modes{images} (" I tsar, - I the slave, - I a worm, - I the god! ", G.Derzhavin).