APTE Hari Narajan (1864-1919), the indian writer. The initiator of realism in the literature on marathi. A series of novels " the Modern histories " (1890-95), historical novels " the Tiger of Mysore " (1890-91), "CHandragupta" (1902-04).

DRUGSTORE (from grech. apotheke - a warehouse), establishment (or subdividing of hospital), executing manufacturing and holiday of medicines. The first drugstore is open{discovered} in 754 in bagdad; in Russia - in 1581 (t. n. tsareva a drugstore).

APOTHECARIES WEIGHT, the measurement of mass used at weighing of medicines. The basic unit - an apothecaries pound, is divided on 12 ounces, 1 ounce on 8 drachmas, 1 drachma on 3 skrupula, 1 skrupul on 20 granov. 1 Russian apothecaries pound - 358,323 g, 1 ounce - 29,860 g, 1 drachma - 3,732 g, 1 skrupul - 1,244 g, 1 gran - 62,209 mg. The system is cancelled in the USSR on January, 1 1927.

APTEKMAN Vasilyevich (1849-1926), the revolutionary populist Has got hoarse. The participant " boatings in people ", the member " the Earth and will ", one of osnovatelej " Black repartition ". In 1880 it is banished to Yakutia. In 1893 participat in building a consignment " the National right ". In 90th the participant of Revolution 1905-07 is close to a social democracy. Memories: "Society" the Earth and will " 70th on personal memories " (2 issuings, 1924).

APTERIGOTY (Apterygota), the lowest hexapods. Length up to 5 see. Dwell{live} in soil, a duff, a rotten wood, etc. Orders: bessjazhkovye, diplura, collembola, shchetinohvostki. Nowadays 3 first orders fall into entognatnym a hexapod, and the last order and all flies - to ektognatnym.

APTERIUMS (from grech. apteros - featherless), epines of a leather the birds which are not having feathers. An arrangement and the form an apterium - a regular attribute.

APULEJ (Apuleius) (ok 125 - ok. 180 n. e.), drevnerimsky the writer. The adventurous - allegorical novel " Metamorphosises in XI books " (" the Golden donkey "), proniknutyj erotic motives, elements household satyrs and religious mysticism. "Apologia" - speech in natural protection against the charge in magic.

APULEJ SATURNIN (Apuleius Saturninus) (?-100 up to n. e.), in Other. Rome populjar, national tribunes 103 and 100 up to n. e. Has conducted through public assembly the law on vesting by ground of veterans G.Maria; it is killed by adherents optimatov.

APULIA (Puglia), range in the south of Italy. 19,4 thousand êì2. The population 4 million person (1991). Adm. ts. - Bari. It separate on prov. Bari, Brindisi, Lechche, Taranto, Foggia.

APULIA, peninsula in Italy; see. Salentina.

APURE (Apure), the river in Venezuela, the left-handed in-leak{influx} of Orinoco. 1580 kms, the area of basin of 147 thousand êì2. Average discharge of water ok. 2000 m3 / with. It is navigable on 600 kms, in a rainy season - on all stretch.

APURE, staff on a southwest of Venezuela. The area of 76,5 thousand êì2. The population of 305 thousand person (1990). Adm. ts. - the Dignity - Fernando-de-Apure.

APURIMAC (Apurimac) (in the lower flow - Ene, Tambo), the river in Peru, the left-handed component of Ucayali (bass. Amazon). 1250 kms, the area of basin ok. 125 thousand êì2. Average discharge of water ok. 2,9 thousand m3 / with.

APUHTIN Alexey Nikolaevich (1840-93), the Russian poet. The main{basic} motives of lyrics - grust, disappointment, grievance life. On words of a poem " Nights mad ", " To forget so it is fast ", whether " Day reigns ", etc. P.I.Chajkovsky has written romances.

APFIJA (Appija) Kolosskaja (mind{wit}. Between 54-68), the Christian martyress, ravnoapostolnaja; the marital partner of apostle of Philemon (the Message to Philemon 1:2). Has suffered in Colossuses in persecution of emperor Nerona. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on February, 19 (on March, 4) and on November, 22 (on December, 5), in Roman catholic on November, 22.

APSHERONSK, city (with 1947) in the Russian Federation, Krasnodar territory, on r. Psheha. A depot. 34,9 thousand inhabitants (1991). Wood-working, a food-processing industry, metal working. A recreation area and tourism. In area - a crude production.

APSHERON, eastern tip of Caucasus, in Azerbaijan. The m. on 60 kms presses in Caspian; width up to 30 kms, an altitude up to 165 m. Oil fields and gas (see. The Baku oil-and-gas-bearing area). On austral a shore - Baku. Climatic and balneal health resorts - Bilgjah, Pirshaga, Mardakjan, etc.

ARE (from an armour. area - the area), a unit of area in a metrical measurement, 1 are = 100 m2 = 0,01 ga.

ARE the EXTRA-SEC CHAMPAGNE (frants. art brut, characters. - rough, raw art), a direction in from - art of midpoint of 20 century. It is related to surrealism and primitiveness, integrates in the aggregate a race course of activity of nonprofessionals ("naive" creativity of children and insanes) with products{creations} of professional masters which contrast the expressly "barbarous", as though vyplesnuvshiesja from depths of a subconscious mind modes{images} to a hypocritical external sleek of the modern civilization. The leader of a direction Z.Djubjuffe was.

ARE DEKO (frants. art deco, abbr. from an ornamental art), style of decorative - design creativity and the design, eurysynusic in Zap. To Europe and the USA 1920-30-õ.. Has united features of a modernist style and constructivism, bent for of external ortamental luxury with the thought over rationality of function and structure (the etalon of are deko registration of interiors{cabins} of huge ocean liners of that season{term} has become). Has especially strongly taken roots in a mode and jeweller art.