BAJDUKOV George Filippovich (1907-94), the general - colonel of aircraft (1961), the Hero of Soviet Union (1936). In 1936-37 non-stop flights Moscow - about. Udd and Moscow - an arctic pole - the USA from V.P.Chkalovym and A.V.Beljakovym. In Great Domestic war the commander of an airdivision and an air corps. The state premium of the USSR (1970). The writer of books about flight to America.

"BAYER", the chemical company of Germany. It is based in 1863. Up to 1952 entered in chemical concern " I.G.Farbenindustri " (Germany). Sales volume 23 billion dol., a net profit 1,05 billion dol., figure occupied in 165 thousand person (kon. 1980th).

BAYER (Baeyer) Adolf (1835-1917), german chemists - organics, the founder of large scientific school, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1892). Basic transactionses on synthesis of dyes and alicyclic connections, stereochemistries. In 1883 has finished activity on synthesis and establishment of a structure of an indigo. Has entered (1888) concept about cis - trans-izomerii. The Nobel Prize (1905).

BAYER (Bayer) Gotlib Zigfrid (1694-1738), the german historian, the philologist, the academician Petersburg AN (1725). Transactionses on orientalistike and histories Other. Russia. The founder normannskoj theories.

BAYER (Baeyer) Iogann JAkob (1794-1885), the german geodesist, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1858). Transactionses on grade measurements.

BAYER (Bayer) Otto George Wilhelm (1902-82), the german chemist - technologist and the industrialist. The main transactionses on chemistry and polymer technologies. Has received polyurethanes (1937) and has adjusted their commercial production.

BAYER (Baeyer) Franc (r. 1932), the german film director. Films: " Aged love " (1959), " Royal children " (1962), " Naked among wolfs " (1963), " JAkob - the liar " (1974), " In dock " (1984), etc.

BAYER (Bajer) Frederik (1837-1922), the danish writer and the political figure. One of organizers of pacifist movement. The chairman of board of International office of the world (1891-1907). The Nobel Prize of the world (1908, together with K.Arnoldsonom).

BAIZE (polsk. bajka, from niderl. baai), a mild, dense cotton or woollen tissue with the heavy-bodied combed nap. From a cotton baize sew a warm constant wear garment, women or an infants wear; from woollen - a light overcoat.

BAIKAL, freshwater lake in the south Vost. Siberia. 456 m are located at the altitude and surrounded with mountains. 31,5 thousand êì2, length of 636 kms, mean width of 48 kms. The most steep (up to 1620 ì) in the world. Tectonic an origin. 336 rivers run (including. Selenga, Barguzin, V.Angara), escapes r. Angara. 27 islands (the largest Olkhon). Solidifies in January, it is dissected in May. The flora and a fauna of Baikal actuates ok. 1800 kinds (3/4 - endemics: the Baikal seal, gobies, a viviparous fish golomjanka, etc.). A craft of an omul, a grayling, etc. Navigation; an alloy of a wood. On Baikal - cities Slyudyanka, Baikalsk. In a settlement. Listvjanka - Limnological institute of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Science. Baikal in structure Barguzinskogo and Baikal reservations. Pribajkalsky national park. As a result of man impacts the environmental setting has worsened; search of scientifically reasonable ways of restoration of natural complexes of Baikal is conducted.

The BAJKALO-AMURENSE MAIN (BAM), railway in Vost. Siberia and on the Far East, 2-nd main (alongside with the Transsiberian main) a railway output of Russia to Quiet ok. The general expansion passes from Taishet up to the Soviet Haven, of 4300 kms. A plot Ust Kut (on Lena) - Komsomolsk-na-Amure (3105 kms; the beginning of construction - 1974, in 1984 is open a through traffic) in 1989 is handed in operation; 2 plots BAMa are constructed in kon. 40 - nach. 50th: Taishet - Ust Kut and Komsomolsk-na-Amure - the Soviet Haven. To the Transsiberian railway of BAM it is bound by 3 copulative railway lines: Bamovskaja - Tynda, Calcareous and Volochaevka - Komsomolsk. In 1981 the Baikal-Amur railway is organized.

BAIKALSK, city (with 1966) in the Russian Federation, Irkutsk region, on an eskar. Baikal. A depot. 16,5 thousand inhabitants (1992). Pulp and paper combine.

The BAIKAL RIPPLE MARK, era tektogeneza at the end of a Pre-Cambrian and the beginning of a Cambrian. As a result of the Baikal ripple mark there were wrinkled mountain structures Vost. Sajana, Pribaikalye, on Arabian p-ove, etc.

The BAIKAL RESERVATION, biosphere, in the Russian Federation, in Buryatiya, to the south from an eskar. Baikal. It is based in 1969. The area 165724 ga. Landscapes of the east - Siberian taiga and the Mongolian steppes. On boreal downslopes hr. Hamar-Daban - pihtovo-cedar forests, on austral - it is cedar - listvennichno-sosnovye. A birch, an aspen. The bear, a sable, a lynx, an otter, columns, an ermine, pishchuha, a maral, the moose, a reindeer; an osprey, a see eagle - belohvost, a common ptarmigan.

The BAIKAL BACKBONE, on a northwest shore an eskar. Baikal. Length of 300 kms, an altitude up to 2572 m.

BAYKOV Alexander Aleksandrovich (1870-1946), the Russian metallurgist and metalloved, academician AN the USSR (1932), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1945). Fundamental transactionses on structural transfomations in metals, the theory of metallurgical processes. The state premium of the USSR (1943).

BAYKOV Feodor Isakovich (ok. 1612-63 or 1664), the Moscow nobleman, the chapter of the first Russian embassy in China in 1654-57.

BAJLADILA, large iron-ore area in India (pieces. Madhja-Pradesh). Ore - primarily gematitovye quartzites. It is maintained with 1967. Conditioned reserves 1,3 billion t ore, content Fe of 63-67 %; production 8,6 million t documentary ore (1987).

BAILEN (Bailen), city in Spain, in Andalusia, in prov. Haen. Ok. In July 1808 in a course of war against the French occupiers bliz Bailen a spanish troops have won 10 thousand inhabitants.