The BALKAN CAMPAIGN 6-29.4.1941, aggression of fascist Germany, Italy and Hungary against Yugoslavia and Greeces during 2-nd world war. After a defeat of an italian troops in war against Greece in 1940-41 hitlerite guiding before an offence to the USSR has conducted the Balkan campaign, during which capitulated Yugoslavia (on April, 17) and Greece (on April, 23).

The BALKAN RANGE, in Turkmenii. 138,5 thousand êì2. The population of 925 thousand person (1991). Adm. ts. - Nebit-Dag.

The BALKAN WARS 1912-13. 1-n the Balkan war (9.10.1912-30.5.1913) - between the Balkan union (Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro) and Turkey. Under the London peace treaty 1913 Turkey which has lossed a defeat lost all european possessions, except for Istanbul and small part Vost. Thrace. 2-n the Balkan war (29.6-10.8.1913) - war of Bulgaria against Greece, Serbia and Montenegro which Romania and Turkey have joined. It was finished by a defeat of Bulgaria which under the Bucharest peace treaty 1913 has conceded to Romania JUzh. Dobrudja, Greeces - JUzh. To Macedonius and part Zap. Thrace, Serbia - almost all the Sowing. To Macedonius. The Balkan wars have reduced in an exacerbation of international contraventions, having accelerated the beginning of 1-st world war.

The BALKAN MOUNTAINS, the same, that Stara Planina.

BALKAN Nenko (1907-77), the Bulgarian painter. Truthful, indicative patterns on a composition on themes of life of workers, portraits.

The BALKAN PENINSULA, in the south of Europe. 505 thousand êì2. Presses at-sea on 950 kms. It is washed against Mediterranean, Adriatic, Ionicheskim, Mottled, Egejskim and Black by seas. Boreal border{limit} passes from Triestskogo a hall. To r. Sava and further across Danube up to a mouth. Coasts are hardly dismembered. In a relief mountains - Stara Planina, Rila Planina (up to 2925 ì), Rhodope, Dinarskoe a mountains, Pindus prevail{dominate}; lowlands are insignificant (Verhnefrakijskaja, Fessalijskaja), on terrain Balkan p-va austral parts Srednedunajskoj and plains Nizhnedunajskoj catch. A climate in a north moderate, continental, in the south and the west subtropical. The Mediterranean bushes, broad-leaved and coniferous forests. On Balkan p-ve Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Macedonius, Romania, Slovenia, Turkey, Croatia, Yugoslavia are located (in full or in part).

The BALKAN UNION 1912, political-military alliance of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro, directed against Turkey, and also actually against Austria-Hungary. Developed at support of Russia. Has broken up in 1913. See. The Balkan wars 1912-1913.

BALKARTSY (the self-title - taulula), people in the Russian Federation, in Kabardino-Balkariya (ok. 71 thousand person). In total in the Russian Federation 78 thousand person (1992). Tongue karachaevo-balkarsky. Believers balkartsy - moslems - sunnity.

The BULKER (from English bulk - to pile, fill), a purpose-built ship for a shipping goods in bulk and in bulk. Deadweight up to 150 thousand t.

BALCONY (frants. balcon), prominent from a wall and shielded (a lattice, a balustrade or a barrier wall) a site on cantilever beams on a front or in an interior of the building; places in the auditoria, located by an amphitheatre in different storeys (a balcony of 1-st storey, 2-nd storey...).

BALL (from frants. balle - a sphere), an arbitrary unit for an assessment{evaluation} on a fixed scale of intensity the phenomena (in meteorology, napr., wind speeds), progress and conduct of pupils, outcomes of contest{races} in some kinds{views} of sport, quality agricultural animal (on exhibitions).

BALL (Âàlla) Dzhakomo (1871-1958), the italian artist, the master of futurism. In mature creativity of 1910th has transfered from figurate compositions to the abstraction expressing " dynamics{changes} of net energies ", loosely extending in the space.

BALLADNAJA OPERA (English ballad opera), the English version of comic opera; in 18 century has become popular also in Italy, France, Germany and Spain. In balladnoj to opera songs and dances alternated with speech scenes, folk songs (from here the title) were used. " Opera of a beggar " (text Dzh. The gay, music Dzh. Pepusha, production 1728) has called numerous mimesises.

BALLANSH (Ballanche) Pierre Simon (1776-1847), the French writer, the philosopher, the theorist of art of epoch of early romanticism. Novels of "Antirun" (1814), "Orfej" (1829), the literary - critical tract " About feeling in his{its} attitude{relation} to the literature and fine arts " (1801), etc.

BALLARAT (Ballarat), city in the south of Australia. 61 thousand inhabitants (1983.) Center of area of gold mining. A machine industry, textile, a food-processing industry.

BALLARI (Bellari), city in India, on r. Hagari, pieces. Karnataka. 245 thousand inhabitants (1991.) Center of a cotton-growing area. Textile, sugar, a metal-working industry.

BALLAS, version of diamond, small-sized spherical radiative units.

BALLAST (niderl. ballast).. 1) freight (water, sand, etc.), placed on a vessel for improvement of his{its} seagoing capacities... 2) Freight for regulation of jacking ability of the aeronautic apparatus (napr., an air balloon)... 3) the Layer by the way a fine-bored cushion from bulk materials (a crushed rock, etc.), stowed on a road level railway ways.

BALLENI ISLANDS (Balleny), volcanic islands in the south of Quiet ok., bliz Antarctica. An altitude up to 1524 m. Are coated{obtected} with icehouses.