BALTAKIS (Baltakis) Algimantas (r. 1930), the Lithuanian poet, the national poet of Lithuania (1986). Collections " CHertov the bridge " (1957), " the Underground rivers " (1965), " the Wandering mountain " (1967), " the Rivers and bridges " (1976), "Marathon" (1982); the collection of poetic transfers{translations} " Hour of brotherhood " (1986).

BALTER Boris Isaakovich (1919-74), the Russian writer. The lyrical story " Good-bye, boys " (1962) about pre-war generation of youth. The autobiographical story "Samarkand" (it is not ended, published in 1989).

BALTIYSK (up to 1946 Pillau), city in the Russian Federation, the Kaliningrad region, on the Baltic sand - bar, a fore bay of Kaliningrad (it is paired from nymas by a mid-ocean channel). A depot. 27,9 thousand inhabitants (1992). A museum of Baltic fleet. It is based in 1686.

BALTIC PATCH, intermittent strip of morainal patches along an austral and southeast shore of Baltic m. Length ok. 1500 kms, an altitude of 200-300 m. Conifers and mixed forests, lakes.

The BALTIC SYSTEM of ALTITUDES adopted in the Russian Federation system of true altitudes, which readout is conducted from zero of a graduated pole in Kronstadt.

BALTIC CHANNELS, see. Danish channels.

BALTIC TONGUES, group of the affine tongues relating to indoevropejskoj to family of tongues. Western - Baltic: Prussian, jatvjazhsky (extinct in 17-18 centuries); east - Baltic: Lithuanian, Latvian, extinct kurshsky, selonsky and some other.

BALTIC PORT, the official title of. Paldiski in Estonia in 1783-1917.

The BALTIC FLEET, goes back to the Russian fleet built at Peter I in nach. 18 century which awakely acted during Boreal war 1700-21 (victories at Gangut, Grengame, etc.). In Great Domestic war defended islands Moonzundskie, Thalline and p-ov Hanko, participat in the defence of Leningrad (1941-44), sustained approach of a land forces in Baltic, Vost. Prussia and Vost. Pomerania (1944-45).

BALTIC BOARD, projection dokembrijskogo the base in a northwest part of the East Europe ramp. It is combined by breeds of an Archean and the lower Proterozoic (gneises, crystalline slates, etc.). Since Paleozoic, periodically{batchly} was hoisted and was range of drift.

BALTIC the PEST (dr .-ðóñ. Varjazhskoe) inland the pest Atlantic ok., for coasts the Sowing. And Compare. Europe. It is bridged to Boreal m. Danish channels. 419 thousand êì2. Prevailing{dominating} depths of 40-100 m, maximum - 470 m. Large islands: Bornholm, Gotland, Eland, Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Rjugen, Alandskie. Large bays: Botnichesky, Finnish, Riga. In Baltic the m. run the rivers Neva, Zap. Dvina (Daugava), Neman, Vistula, Odra. A salinity in a western part of 11 ‰, in central 6-8 ‰. In a north-east part solidifies. Fishery (a Baltic cod, a splat, sprat). As a result of man impacts the environmental setting of Baltic m has worsened. Primary ports: Saint Petersburg, Thalline, Riga, Liepaja, Klaipeda, Kaliningrad, Gdansk - Gdynja, Szczecin, Rostock, Kiel, Lubek, Copenhagen, Malme, Stockholm, Luleo, Turku, Helsinki. Health resorts: JUrmala, Liepaja, Kolobrzeg, Ustka, Heringsdorf, etc.

BALTIMORE (Baltimore) Dejvid (r. 1938), the American virologist. Probeed the mechanism of interaction of RNK-KEEPING oncogenous viruses with normal cells. Has discovered (irrespective of H.Temina) a ferment revertazu (a revertive transcriptase), ensuring drive of the genetic information from RNK to DNK. The Nobel Prize (1975, together with Teminom).

BALTIMORE (Baltimore) Dejvid (r. 1938), the American virologist. Probeed the mechanism of interaction of RNK-KEEPING oncogenous viruses with normal cells. Has discovered (irrespective of H.Temina) a ferment revertazu (a revertive transcriptase), ensuring drive of the genetic information from RNK to DNK. The Nobel Prize (1975, together with Teminom).

BALTRUSHAJTIS (Baltrusaitis) JUrgis (1873-1944), the Russian and Lithuanian poet. Bordered on to Russian symbolism. Collections: in Russian - " Earth stages{steps} " (1911), " the Mountain trail " (1912), " the Lily and a sickle " (it is published 1948); in the Lithuanian tongue - " the Wreath from teardrops " (1942). In 1921-39 plenipotentiary of Lithuania in the USSR. From 1939 cable cores in Paris.

BALTUSHIS (Baltusis) JUozas (an ice-film. A name and fam. Albertas JUozenas, Juozenas) (1909-91), the Lithuanian writer, the national writer of Lithuania (1969). Novels " the Sold years " (t. 1-2, 1957-69), " the Legend about JUzase " (1979), the autobiographical story " Pood salt " (kn. 1-2, 1973-1975), plays, stories; the book of publicism " Expressions and answers " (1985). Many products{creations} are dedicated the Lithuanian village.

BALTY (Baltic nations), colonized in 1-st thousand n. e. Terrain from JUgo-Zap. Baltics up to Top part. Podneprovja and a bass. Oka (see. Goljad). An economy: agriculture and cattle breeding. Eastern balty on a boundary 1-2-ãî one thousand n. e. Were part of an old russian nationality{national character}. Western balty (zhjamajty, zemgaly, kurshi, latgaly) - ancestors of the modern Latvians and Lithuanians.

BALUGJANSKY Michael Andreevich (1769-1847), the Russian economist. The first rector of the St.-Petersburg university (1819-21). In a country problem the adherent of liberal reforms. Criticized mercantilism.

BALHARSKAJA CERAMICS, stonewares (pitchers, mugs, bowls, toys), produced in lakskom seconds Balhar Akushinskogo r-on Dagestan. In 17-18 centuries - in the season{term} of the best bloom of a craft - there was a characteristic phylum unglazed balharskoj the ceramics distinguished by harmonic combination of stringent singleness of an outline profile and laconicalness of ortamental brush paintings by an engobe (predominary white; corrugated lines, a hatching, rosettes). On the basis a craft in 1928 it is organized promkolhoz, izgotovljavshy ceramics, in 1936 - artel, converted afterwards in shop of ceramics Mahachkalinskogo of combine.

BALKHASH, city (with 1937) in Kazakhstan, Dzhezkazgan region, landing stage on boreal coast an eskar. Balkhash. A depot. 87,6 thousand inhabitants (1991). Mining-and-metallurgical integrated works. Fish, meat industry.