BAVENITE, mineral, berillosilikat subclass of nesosilicates, Ñà4 [Be2Al2Si9O26] (OH) 2. Light spicular and flap-type units, sphemlitic aggregates. Hardness 5,5-6, firmness ok. 2,7 g / sm3. By origin hydrothermal. Ore of beryllium.

The BAHAMA ISLANDS (Bahamas), Commonwealth of Bahamas (Commonwealth of the Bahamas), the state in West Indies, on the Bahama islands. 13,9 thousand êì2. The population of 266 thousand person (1993), over 80 % - bagamtsy. A urban population of 64 % (1990). The official language - English. The majority of believers - protesters. Capital - Nassau (Nassau). Enters into Commonwealth. The chief of state - queen of the Great Britain, introduced the general - governor. The body of legislation - two-chamber parliament. A surface flat. A climate tropical, trade-wind. In an antiquity on islands Indians lived. In 1492 islands are open by Spaniards. With 1783 colony of the Great Britain. In 1964 have received internal self-management. Since July 1973 independent state. The basis of economy - foreign tourism (60 % of public revenues). Manufacture of the electric power 950 million kVt·ch (1990). The enterprises of an oil refining, cement, pharmacological industry. Timber loggings. Cultivate pineapples, citrous, tomatoes, a cane. Fishing and marine products (crawfishes, turtles, oysters). Length of motorways - 3,4 thousand in km., main roads no. Ok. 80 % of the foodstuffs are imported. Export: petroleum, medicines, rum. The main foreign trade partners - the USA, the Great Britain, Canada. Monetary unit - a dollar Bahamian.

BAGATEL (frants. bagatelle, characters. - a knickknack), the tool play, primarily for a piano, easy for performance.

BAGAEV Sergey Nikolaevich (r. 1941), Russian physics, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1994). Transactionses on laser spectroscopy of the super-high sanction, quantum standards of frequency.

BAGALEJ Dmitry Ivanovich (1857-1932), the Ukrainian historian, academician AN of Ukraine (1919). The professor and the rector (1906-10) Kharkov universities. Transactionses on a history of Russia, Ukraine 14-18 centuries, Lithuania, Belarus.

BAGVALINSKY TONGUE, see in an item. The Dagestan tongues.

BAGDAD, capital of Iraq, administrative centre muhafazy bagdad. 3,8 million inhabitants (1987). A port on r. A tiger. An international airport. Oil refining, mild, etc. an industry. Universities. It is based in 762 as capital of the state Abbasidov. In 9-10 centuries the largest economic and cultural centre of the Near East. Since 17 century up to 1917 in structure of Ottoman empire. In 1917 it is occupied in the English troops. In 1920-21 administrative centre of the British mandated territory. In 1921-58 capital of a kingdom Iraq, from 1958 Republics Iraqs. Ò. n. Mausoleum Zubajdy (nach. 13 century), medrese Dustansirija (13 century), a gate of Skull crackers al-Vastani (13 century), mausoleum Musy al-Kadima (t. n. A golden mosque, 16 century), the Iraq museum, etc.

BAGDADI SHAUKI (r. 1928), the Arabian writer (Syria). The theme of protection of the person - in collections of verses " is More, than one heart " (1955), " For each love the story " (1956), " Between a cushion and a neck " (1977), the collection of stories " our quarter spits blood " (1954).

The BAGDAD RAILWAY, widespread in nach. 20 century the title of a railway line (approximately 2400 kms), bridged Bosporus with Persian a hall. In 1903 concession on construction of road has been given by Turkey to Germany that has called intensifying contraventions between the large mandatory powers. Construction has been concluded in 1934-41 private English and French companies.

BAGDAD HALIFAT, the title meeting in the literature Arabian halifata (capital - bagdad) in the season of board Abbasidov.

BAGDASAROV Hachik Saakovich (r. 1929), Russian fizikohimik, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991). The main transactionses on a physical chemistry of inorganic high-melting crystals, including for lasers. The state premium of the USSR (1972).

BAGDASARJAN Hristofor Stepanovich (r. 1908), Russian fizikohimik, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1981). Has developed the theory of influence of a structure of molecules on speed of radical processes. Has proved (1963) existence of double-quantum photochemical reactions.

BAGDATI (in 1940-90 Majakovsky), city (with 1981) in Georgia, on r. Hanistskali, in 19 kms from zh.-d. An item. Rioni. 5,6 thousand inhabitants (1991). Canning, vinodelchesky factories; furniture factory. Theatre. Rhodinum V.V.Majakovskogo (museum).

BAGIRMI (the self-title - barma-ge), people in Chad (530 thousand person, 1992) and Sudan (20 thousand person). Tongue bagirmi. On religion basically moslems - sunnity.

BAGIRMI TONGUE, tongue of people bagirmi. Falls into nilo-saharskim to tongues. Unwritten.

BAGIROV World Dzhafar Abbasovich (1896-1956), the political figure. With 1921 chairman of the Extraordinary Commission, GPU, narkom internal affairs, the chairman of Advice of National Commissioners Azerbadzhana (1921-33.) 1-st secretary of a Central Committee and Baku committee KP (á) Azerbaijan (1933-53). Accomplice L.P.Berii. Under the sentence of military board of the Supreme Court of the USSR rasstreljan.

BAGLAJ Marat Viktorovich (r. 1931), the Russian statesman, the lawyer, the expert in range of the constitutional law, doctor of juridical science. In 1967-77 on scientific activity in Institute of world working-class movement AN the USSR. In 1977-95 pro-rector of Academy of transactionses and social attitudes. With 1995 member of the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation, with 1997 his chairman.

BAGHLAN, city in Afghanistan, on a motorway Kabul - Hanabad, an administrative centre prov. Baghlan. 44,6 thousand inhabitants (1987). A sugar factory.

BAGLANOVA Rose - tree Tazhibaevna (r. 1922), the Kazakh singer (soprano), the national actress of the USSR (1967). With 1949 in the Kazakh philarmonic society, with 1960 in Kazahkontserte. In repertoir - national songs and songs of the modern composers.