BENGELSKOE FLOW, cold flow Atlantic ok., for western coasts JUzh. Africa, passing from a southeast on northwest; boreal branch of Western Winds of flow.

BEN - GURION David (1886-1973), the prime minister and Minister of Defence of Israel in 1948-53, 1955-63 (with a rest in 1961). One of organizers and the leader (1930-65) social-democratic parties MAPAI.

BENDA (Benda), family of the Czech musicians of 17-18 centuries. Are most known: Frantishek (Frants) (1709-86), the violinist and the composer (tool compositions), and Jirzhi (George) (1722-95), the composer, the violinist, the conductor. Melodramas (" Ariadna on Naxos ", 1775; "Medea", 1775, etc.), zingshpili (" Rural fair ", 1775; " Romeo and Dzhuljetta ", 1776, etc.), cantatas, concordances, etc.

BENDERY (Bender) (Bendery), city in Moldova, landing stage on r. Dnestr. A railway junction. 133 thousand inhabitants (1991). Mild, flavoring, a woodworking industry. A machine industry (software "Moldgidrolizmash"; factories: "Electroinstrumentation", cable, sudoremontno-ship-building, etc.). An Istoriko-study of local lore museum, picture passageway. It is based in 15 century as strength, up to 1538 and in 1918-40 called Tigina.

BENDERY - ABBAS, city and a port in the south of Iran, an administrative centre ostana Hormozgan. 202 thousand inhabitants (1986). An international airport. Fish canning, hlopkoprjadilnye, the ship-building enterprises.

BENDZHEDID SHadli (r. 1929), the president of Algeria in 1988-92. The chairman of a consignment Front of national discharging in 1988-91 (with 1979 secretary general). The colonel (1969).

BENDZIN (Bedzin), city in Poland, in Verhnesilezskoj agglomerations. 76,2 thousand inhabitants (1990). A coal mining, a machine industry, nonferrous machine industry. A study of local lore museum in the clasp of 14 century.

BENDI (English bandy), the title of bandy adopted in an international sporting nomenclature on ice.

BENDIGO (Bendigo), city in the south of Australia. Ok. 50 thousand inhabitants (1984). A meat and textile industry.

BENDIDA (Bendis), frigijskaja the goddess of the moon. In Other. Greeces it was identified with Artemis. In Athenes the holiday in its honour - bendidii annually managed, in Piraeus there was a temple of the goddess.

BENEVENTO (Benevento), in the south Apenninskogo p-ova langobardsky dukat (duchy) in 2-nd floor. 6-8 centuries (the centre - Benevento); in 8 century - 1077 principate (principality), in 1051 Roman dads which have recognized a supreme authority; in 1077-1860 (with a rest in 1798-1815) papal possession. In 1860 terrain Benevento has departed to the Sardinian kingdom.

BENEDEN (van Beneden), Belgian zoologists, father and the son: 1) Pierre Zhozef van (1809-94), the member (1842) and the president with 1881) Belgian AN, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1869). Transactionses on an embryology of Invertebrata and parasitologies... 2) Edward van (1846-1910), foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1902). Transactionses on an embryology of Invertebrata and cytomorphologies.

BENEDETTI (Benedetti) Mario (r. 1920), the Uruguayan writer. In realistic stories, plays, stories " who from us " (1953), novels "Breather" (1960), " Thanks for ogonek " (1965), " Birthday Huana Anhelja " (1971) - acute social criticism of the modern moral. Verses, literaturovedcheskie compositions.

BENEDETTI MIKELANDZHELI (Benedetti Michelangeli) Arturo (r. 1920), the italian pianist. 1-n the premium at International competition of musicians - initiators in Geneva (1939). Taught in a number of italian conservatories. Goes on tour (in the USSR in 1964).

BENEDIKT XIII (Benedictus) (in world Pjetro Franchesko Orsini, Pietro Francesco Orsini) (1649-1730), a dad Roman with 1724. The outlet box of dominican order, a cardinal bird (1672), archbishop Chezeny (1680) and Benevento (1686). In 1725 has called the Lateran cathedral, has confirmed the bull "Unigenitus", condemning jansenizm.

BENEDIKT XIV (Benedictus) (in world Prospero Lambertini, Prospero Lambertini) (1675-1758), a dad Roman with 1740. Diocesan of Ancona (1727), a cardinal bird (1728), archbishop of Bologna (1731). Enjoyed authority for roman catholic and Protestant governors of Europe. In bulls " Ex quo singulari " and " Omnium sollicitudinum " has denounced missionary practice of jesuits in India and China. The writer of probe about a history and the order beatifikatsii and canonizations in the Latin church.

BENEDIKT XV (Benedictus) (in the world marquis Dzhakomo della Kjeza, Giacomo della Chiesa) (1854-1922), a dad Roman with 1914. With 1878 on papal diplomatic service, archbishop of Bologna (1907), a cardinal bird (1914). Selected a dad after a month after the beginning of 1-st world war, has made some abortive attempts to reach the world, protested against not humane methods of warfare.

BENEDIKT NURSIJSKY (Venedikt, Benedictus) (mind. 543), the founder of religious order of benedictines. For founded to them of a monastery in Monte-Kassino has written the Charter which has formulated philosophy of a cenobium and in many respects defining build life of western monasticism. Memory in the Latin church on July, 11 and on March, 21, in Orthodox - on March, 14 (27).

BENEDICTINES, members of roman catholic religious order, founded ok. 530 Benediktom Nursijskim in Italy. Were especially influential in 10-11 centuries.

BENEDIKTOV Vladimir Grigorjevich (1807-73), the Russian poet, corresponding member Petersburg AN (1855). Lyrical verses in romantic spirit. The collection of "Poem" (1835) had a tremendous success.