BIRCH, city (with 1940) in Belarus, the Brest region, bliz zh.-d. An item. A birch - Kartuskaja. 26,0 thousand inhabitants (1991). Motororemontnyj factory; metal-working, a food-processing industry; manufacture of a building materials. A historico-revolutionary museum.

BIRCH, stem of trees and bushes of a set of a birch family. Routinely secrete 120-140 (under other data, 65) kinds, in moderate and cool belts of Boreal hemisphere and in mountains of subtropics. Forest forming and decorative breed. The greatest economic value have a birch povislaja, or warty, and white birch. Wood use in a cabinet-work, on hand-made articles; kidneys and leaves as a urinative, cholagogue means. 5 kinds are guarded. See also the Karelian birch.

BEREZAN, city (with 1981) on Ukraine, the Kiev region. A depot. 15,2 thousand inhabitants (1991). A woollen-goods factory; manufacture of a building materials.

BEREZAN (in antique time - Borisfen), an island in Black m., at an orifice in Dneprovsky a firth, bliz Ochakov. On Berezani there were rasstreljany active participants of the Sevastopol revolt 1905: lieutenant P.P.Schmidt, mariners A.I.Gladkov, N.G.Antonenko, S.P.Chastnik.

"BEREZIL", the title (up to 1935) the Kharkov Ukrainian drama theatre.

BEREZIN Ilya Vasiljevich (1923-87), the chemist, corresponding member AN the USSR (1970). The main transactionses on a kinetics of free-radical liquid-phase processes and fermentation catalysis. The lenin premium (1982).

BEREZIN Ilya Nikolaevich (1818-96), the Russian orientalist (tjurkolog, iranist, mongolist). Activities on a history, philologies, archeology of countries Short-range and Compare. The orient.

BEREZIN Michael Evgenjevich (1906-50), the designer of an aircraft armament in the USSR. In 1941 his large-calibre machine gun UB (generalpurpose Berezina) has been introduced into the inventory and has become one of key samples of an air small arms. The state premium of the USSR (1941, 1946).

BEREZINA, the river in Belarus, dextral in-leak of Dnepr. 613 kms, the area of basin of 24,5 thousand êì2. Average discharge of water 145 m3 / with. Enters in Berezinskuju water system (bridges a bass. Dnepr and Zap. Dvina). It is navigable on 505 kms. In war 1812 at a ferrying with breakages through Berezina on November, 14-17 (26-29) napoleonic army (75-80 thousand person) has lost ok. 50 thousand person, also has ceased a large part of artillery and trains to exist as the organized force. On Berezina in May - July 1920 in sovetsko-Polish war and in 1941 and 1944 in Great Domestic war descended persistent crocked eggs.

BEREZINO, city (with 1968) in Belarus, the Minsk region, on r. Berezina. 12,9 thousand inhabitants (1989). Combine of a building materials, the alimentary enterprises.

BEREZINSKY RESERVATION, in Vitebsk and Minsk region. Belarus, in a top a bass. r. Berezina. It is based in 1925. The area 76201 ga. Lakes, bogs. Piny, alder and spruce forests. A beaver, an otter, the moose, a wild boar, etc. About 1979 biosphere reserve.

BEREZIT, the metasomatic rock consisting of crystal, an albite, sericite, a pyrite. It will be derivated at hydrothermal changes of granite breeds. Berezit - a retrieval attribute on ore (napr., golden).

The BERESITIZATION, change of sour magmatic rocks under influence of hydrothermal solutions at which the feldspar is substituted by mica and will be derivated pyrites.

BEREZKO George Sergeevich (1905-82), the Russian writer. In novels (" Nonpredatory city ", t. 1-2, 1952-54, " Presence unusual " is stronger than atom ", 1959, ", 1980) reverts to themes of war and army. The book " the Red missile " (1943).

BIRCH FORESTS (up to 1933 Usolye - Solikamskoe), city (with 1932) in the Russian Federation, the Perm region, a port on water reservoir Kamskom. (Berezniki bridged about Usolye). A depot. 197,4 thousand inhabitants (1992.) Center of a chemical industry (a software: "Uralkaly", "Soda", "Nitrogen"; chemicals plant, etc.); titano-magnesium combine; electrotechnical, a metal-working industry. Theatre. A study of local lore museum. About Berezniki deposits cooking, the potassium, magnesium salts, developed since 17 century.

BIRCH GROVE Alexander Jakovlevich (1912-74), the aircraft designer. The participant of building BI - the first domestic airplane with a liquid jet engine (1942). Under a guiding of the Birch grove a number of samples of an aeronautical engineering is developed. The lenin premium (1962), the State premium of the USSR (1970).

BIRCH FORESTS, gorodishche djakovskoj crops of 3-5 centuries for d. Birch forests Yaroslavl region. At home, economic and cult construction, burial.

BERYOZOVKA, city (with 1990) in Belarus, Grodno region, in 7 kms from zh.-d. cò. Neman. 12,0 thousand inhabitants (1991). A glass-works.

BERYOZOVKA, city (with 1962) on Ukraine, the Odessa region. A depot. 15,3 thousand inhabitants (1991). The alimentary enterprises.