The BERLIN PACT 1940 about the military union between main participants Antikominternovskogo of the pact - Germany, Italy and Japan; it is encased on September, 27. Governments of some other states dependent on Germany later have joined.

The BERLIN TRACT, is encased by 13.7.1878 mandatory powers - participants of the Berlin congress. Has confirmed independence of Montenegro, Serbia and Romania. A sowing. Bulgaria has become the independent{autonomous} state, JUzh. Bulgaria (Vost. Rumelija) has remained under an authority of the turkish anthurus, having received an administrative autonomy. To Russia the mouth of Danube, strength Kars, Ardagan, Batum with districts have departed. Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The BERLIN UNIVERSITY, Gumboldtovsky university, is based in 1809. In 1990 ok. 18 thousand students.

BERLIOZ (Berlioz) Hector (1803-69), the French composer, the conductor. The member of Institute of France (1856). The creator of the romantic program concordance. The innovator in range of the musical form, harmony, instrumentation. Aspired{tried} to staging a symphonic genre, to monumentalism of vokalno-tool{vokalno-instrument} style, to a sans serif pointing of modes{images}. " The fancy concordance " (1830), " the Mourning - triumphal concordance " (1840), opera - dilogija " Trojans " (1859), the Requiem mass (1837), etc. Alongside with R.Wagner the creator of new school of conducting. The tract " the Conductor of an orchestra " (1856). "Memoirs" (t. 1-2, 1860).

BERLIHINGEN (Berlichingen) Gets (Gottfried) a background (1480-1562), the german knight, the participant of Country war 1524-26. Commanded large country order in Franconia; before decisive battle in May 1525 has betraid peasants.

BERLUSKONI (Berlusconi) Silvio (r. 1936), the prime minister of Italy in May - December 1994. The large businessman, the leader built by him{it} in January of 1994 associations " Forwards, Italy ", included in the unit of dextral forces.

BERM (polsk. berma), a horizontal site between dip-slopes of terraces of a nonoperating pit wall. Distinguish transport, preservative and safety benches.

BERMAMYT, a plateau Rocky hr. B.Kavkaza, in 35 kms to a southwest from Kislovodsk. The main{basic} plateau - Major Bermamyt an altitude up to 2591 m, Small Bermamyt an altitude up to 2643 m. Karst is developed.

BERMAN Michael Mihajlovich (1908-76), the Russian engineer - stankostroitel and the organizer of manufacture, the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1976). The main{basic} transactionses are connected to building manufacture and development of new technique - hydraulic copying-turning semi-automatic machines, unique automatic transfer lines. The lenin premium (1959).

BERMEHO (Bermejo) (Vermeho) (Vermejo) Bartolome (worked 1474-95 or later), the spanish painter. One of the first spanish masters of the beginnings to paint in oils. Wrote in a manner of the modern Netherlands painting ("Pjeta", the Cathedral church in Barcelona, 1490).

BERMUDIAN ISLANDS (Bermuda), in Atlantic ok., bliz the Sowing. America. Possession of the Great Britain. In total ok. 150 islands. 53,3 êì2. The population of 61,0 thousand person. (1990). An altitude up to 79 m. Adm. ts. - Hamilton (about. Bermuda).

" BERMUDIAN TRIANGLE ", area Atlantic ok. Between islands Bermudian, Puerto Rico and p-ovom Florida, distinguished by a close conditions for navigation.

BERN (a nem. Bern, frants. Berne), capital (with 1848) Switzerland, an administrative centre of the canton Bern, on r. Aare. 134 thousand inhabitants (1990, with suburbs ok. 300 thousand inhabitants). An international airport. Machine-building, himiko-pharmaceutical, alimentary, a printing industry. University. Museums art, historical, alpine. It is based in 1191. In 1353 has come in the Swiss Confederated states. Medieval Strengthening (15 century), Gothic cathedral Sankt-Vintsents (1421-1588), a town hall (1406-17).

BERNADETTA SUBIRU (Bernadette Soubirous), in baptism Maria Bernarda (1844-79), sacred Roman catholic tservi, the daughter of the miller from Lourdes (France), international pilgrimage becoming a mestome after the phenomena to her in 1858 ladies Mary in a cave near Lourdes (obshchekatolicheskoe celebration with 1907). Memory{remembrance} in the Latin church on April, 16.

BERNADOT (Bernadotte) Jean Batist (1763-1844), marshal of France (1804). The participant of revolutionary and napoleonic wars. In 1810 it is dismissed by Napoleon and it is selected the successor of the Swedish holy table. In 1813 commanding the Swedish troops in war against France. In 1818-44 Swedish king Charles XIV JUhan, the founder of dynasty Bernadotov.

BERNAL (Bernal) John Desmond (1901-1971), English physics and the public figure, foreign member AN the USSR (1958). Transactionses on a X-ray structural analysis; probes of structure of metals, proteins, hormones, viruses, liquids. Activities on naukovedeniju. The president - initiator of Presidium of World Advice{Council} of the World (1959-65). The international Lenin premium (1953).

BERNANOS (Bernanos) George (1888-1948), the French writer, the publicist. In novels " Under the sun of the Satan " (1926), " the Diary of the village priest " (1936), "Mister Uin" (1940, it is published in 1943), etc., baring crisis " european showers " (unbelief, a spiritual bankruptcy, individualism), the criticism of a state of the art of the world is conducted from the point of view of religious - ethical (roman catholic) items.

BERNARD (Bernard) Klod (1813-78), the French physiologist and the pathologist, one of founders of experimental medicine and an endocrinology, the foreign member Petersburg AN (1860). Classical probes of function of a pancreatic gland and its{her} role in digestion. Has discovered education of a glycogen in a liver. Transactionses on an innervation of vessels, endocrine glands, a carbohydrate metabolism, electrophysiologies. Has entered concept about an internal environment of an organism.