BERTHOLLIDES, see. Daltonides and berthollides.

BERTOLUCHCHI (Bertolucci) Bernardo (r. 1941), the italian producer and the poet. Has tested the strong influence of Items. Pazolini, having inherited from him social krititsizm and ispovedalnost. Most the considerable films: "Conformist", 1970 (on A.Moravia); " the Last tango in Paris ", 1972; " the Twentieth eyelids ", 1976 (epicheskaja a panorama of italian life on stretch poluveka); " the Last emperor ", 1987; " Escaping beauty ", 1996.

BURTON (Burton) Richard Frensis (1821-1890), the English traveller. Together with Dzh. H.Speek in 1854-59 probeed Somalia, in 1858 has discovered an eskar. Tanganyika.

BURTON (Burton) Robert (1577-1640), the English writer - erudite, the writer encyclopaedic transactionses " Anatomy of a melancholia " (1621), becoming one of the brightest samples of an essayistics of epoch of Baroque.

BURTON (Burton) Tim (r .1958), the American film director and the scripter. After several a flying of activity in U.Disney studio of the beginnings to take out films self-contained. His films are as much as possible approximate to comics and cartoon films. Most the considerable are films: "Bitldzhjus" (1988), "Betmen" (1989), " Edward - arms - shears " (1990), " Betmen returns " (1992). Has removed a feature-length cartoon film " the Nightmare before Christmas " (1993).

BERTRAND (Bertrand) Aloizijus (1807-41), the French poet - romantik. His book of medieval stylizations " Gaspar from Darkness " (it is issued in 1842) lays for headstreams French " poems in prose ".

BERTRAND (Bertrand) Gabriel Emil (1867-1962), the French biochemist, foreign corresponding member AN the USSR (1925; foreign corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science with 1924). Transactionses on enzymology. Has developed the quantitative methods of definition of Saccharums (1906) and microelements in plants and for animal.

BERTRAND DE BORN (Bertran de Born) (ok. 1140 - ok. 1215), the Provencal troubadour. Participat in feudal civil strifes, having described them in verses (it was saved more than 40); glorified military exploits.

BERTRAND Zhozef Lui Francois (1822-1900), the French mathematician, foreign corresponding member (1859) and the foreign honorary member (1896) Petersburg AN. Transactionses on a calculus, group theories.

BERTRAND Marseilles (1847-1907), the French geologist, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1899). First has stated thought of overthrust sheets in the Alpes, has developed submissions about the main epoch of a ripple mark and periodicity tectonic motions.

BERTRANDITE, mineral, Be4 [Si2O7] (OH) 2. White, colourless crystals, units. Hardness 6-7; firmness ok. 2,6 g / sm3. By origin hydrothermal. Ore of beryllium.

BERTE-DELAGARD Alexander Lvovich (1842-1920), the Russian numismatist and the historian. Transactionses about antique and medieval antiquities of austral terrain USSR.

BERULAVA Huta Mihajlovich (r. 1924), the Georgian poet. Poems " Russian heart " (1950), " Kolhetskaja a legend " (1943-55), " Stormy silence " (1981). Collections of verses " Snow day " (1973), " Native names. Memories " (1979), " in Each spring " (1984).

BERUNI, Biruni (up to 1958 SHabbaz), city (with 1962) in Uzbekistan, Kara-Kalpak, in 20 kms from zh.-d. An item. Urgench. 39,5 thousand inhabitants (1990). A ginnery; hlopkoprjadilnaja, hlopkotkatskaja factories and other enterprises. It is renamed into honour Biruni.

Boleslav (1892-1956), the president and the chairman of presidium of the Council of state (1947-52), the chairman of Council of Ministers TAKE (Bierut) (1952-54) Polands. The chairman (December 1948 - March 1954), 1-st secretary (since March 1954) a Central Committee of the Polish consolidated working consignment.

BERHEM (Berchem) Nicolas (1620-83), the Netherlands painter and the etcher. Italian landscapes with pastoral motives.

BERHTESGADEN (Berchtesgaden), gornoklimatichesky a health resort in a southeast of Germany, to the south from Salzburg (Austria). Center of winter sport.

BERTSELIUS (Berzelius) Jens JAkob (1779-1848), the Swedish chemist and mineralog, the foreign honorary member Petersburg AN (1820). Has discovered cerium (1803), selenium (1817), thorium (1828). Has created (1812-19) electrochemical theory of chemical affinity, on its basis has constructed grading elements, connections and minerals. Has defined (1807-18) atomic weight of 45 elements, has entered (1814) modern chemical symbols of elements. Has offered the term "catalysis".

BERCH (Birch) Arthur (r. 1915), australian chemists - organics, the foreign member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; foreign member AN the USSR c 1976). Has developed a method of restoration of aromatic compounds alkali metals in a luquid ammonia at the presence of donors of protons (reaction Bercha).