BILROT (Billroth) Teodor (1829-94), the german surgeon, one of founders of the modern surgery. For the first time has made removal of an esophagus (1872), larynxes (1874), a urinary bladder. Has developed methods of a resection of a stomach (1881-1884).

POOL (frants. billard, from bille - a sphere), 1) the game with spheres and kiem (a wooden stick) on a table with sides... 2) the Table for the game in a pool - with billiard pockets (apertures in sides) and without them.

BILJUNAS (Biliunas) Jonas (1879-1907), the Lithuanian writer. Stories "Out of work" (1903), " the First strike " (1903) and the story " the Sad fairy tale " (1907) - from life of workers.

BILJAR, medieval (10-13 centuries) city, in 12-íà÷. 13 centuries capital Bulgarii Volzhsko-Kamskoj. Residues about a seconds Biljarsk Tatarii.

BILJASUVAR (up to 1991 Pushkino), city (with 1966) in Azerbaijan, on plain Muganskoj. 19 thousand inhabitants (1991). A ginnery.

BIMA-SUMBANSKIE PEOPLES, group of peoples on the orient Indonesia (bima, sumbantsy, manggarai, havu, etc.), on islands Small Zondskogo arh. 3,1 million person (1992). Tongues of the Indonesian branch. On religion christians, moslems - sunnity and adherents of traditional convictions.

BIMBISARA (2-n a floor. 6 century up to n. e.), old indian tsar, the contemporary and the adherent of the Buddha.

BIM-BOM, the duet of the Russian musical clowns - is eccentric. Number is built in 1891 I.S.Radunskim (Bim) from F.Kortezi (Bom). Existed up to 1946 (with a rest) with miscellaneous partners Radunskogo.

BIMETAL (from bi... And metal), a material from two layers of heterogeneous metals or alloys (napr., steel and aluminium). Produce primarily simultaneous rolling or pressing of two preparations. Apply to a strength improvement and heat resistance of designs, drop of their mass or as a material with special properties (napr., for thermoregulators).

BIMETALLIZM, a monetary system at which the gold and silver act as the legalized universal equivalent and compound the basis of monetary circulation of country (16-19 centuries). In kon. 19 century in the majority of countries bimetallizm it is substituted by golden monometallism.

BIMIS (Bemis) Semjuel Flegg (1891-1973), the American historian, one of chiefs of the American historical association. Transactionses on a history of foreign policy the USA.

BEAM (English beams, plural from beam - a log, a balk), a transverse beam connecting onboard branches of a frame. Stiffens to decks and distributes a deck load on sides, bulkheads, etc. See also the Ship framing.

BIN (Bean) Alan (r. 1932), an astronaut the USA, the captain of 1-st rank Naval Forces in demission. Flight on "Apollo - 12" with transplantation to moon (November 1960), flight on "Apollo" and orbital station " Ñêàéëýá " (July - September 1973).

BINARY ALLOYS (from an armour. binarius - double), will consist of two components (metals or metal and metalloid).

BINAURAL EFFECT (from an armour. bini - two and auris - an ear), ability of the person and the maximum animal to determine a direction of a sound source. Because of that that ears are located on some distance, the note comes to nymas, differing on a phase and intensity that conducts to distinction of the pulses acting at central nervous system from a dextral and left-handed ear, and enables to determine a direction.

BINGEM (Bingham), a copper deposit in the west the USA (pieces. Utah). It is developed since 80th of 19 century. Hydrothermal mednoporfirovoe with Mo, to a rim of ore-bearing intrusions skarnovoe and zhilnoe. Reserves ok. 1,5 billion t ore with the mean content of 0,7 % Cu and 0,029 % Mo. Incidentally are extracted Pt, Pd, Se, Ni.

BINGEMTON (Binghamton), city on north-east the USA, pieces. New York. 53 thousand inhabitants (1990). A radio electronic industry, manufacture of the photogoods, shoes. University.

BINDENSHU (Bindensu, Bindensehu) Ruperts (1645-98), the Latvian architect. The representative of Baroque. With 1671 worked in Riga (a front of church Petera, 1689-94; t. n. Dwelling Rejterna, 1684-88).