BOBRINSKIE, the Russian columns: 1) Alexey Grigorjevich (1762-1813), spurious son Ekaterina II and G.G.Orlova... 2) Alexey Alekseevich (1800-68), began beet sugar manufacture, with 1840 councilor of Ministers of Finance and Manufactory advice... 3) Vladimir Alekseevich (1824-98), Minister of Railways in 1869-71...4) Alexey Pavlovich (1826-94), Minister of Railways in 1871-74...5) Alexey Aleksandrovich (1852-1927), with 1906 chairman of " Advice of consolidated nobility ", the deputy of 3-rd State Duma, dextral; with 1919 emigrant... 6) Vladimir Alekseevich (1868 - after 1919), the deputy 2-4-® the State Dumas; with 1919 emigrant.

BOBRISHCHEVY-PUSHKINY, decembrists, members of the Austral society, lieutenants, brothers: 1) Nikolay Sergeevich (1800-71), is convicted on a perpetually settlement, in 1827-56 in Srednekolymske, Turuhanske... 2) Paul Sergeevich (1802-65), is convicted on 12 flying of penal servitude, with 1827 in Nerchinskih mines, in 1832-56 on a settlement in Krasnoyarsk, Tobolsk.

BOBRKA, city (with 1939) on Ukraine, the Lvov region, bliz zh.-d. An item. Bobrka. 4,3 thousand inhabitants (1991). A food-processing industry, manufacture of notions items, etc. It is known with 1211.

BEAVERS, city in the Russian Federation, the Voronezh region, on r. A Russian cart - horse. A depot. 21,2 thousand inhabitants (1992). Alimentary, woodworking enterprises. It is based in kon. 17 century.

BEAVERS Alexander Alekseevich (1850-1904), the Russian surgeon. Transactionses on problems of surgical anatomy. Has offered methods of a herniotomy and other operations, the apparatus for subcutaneous introduction of the liquids, called as his name. The founder of surgical school.

BEAVERS of Seeds Sergeevich (ok. 1763-1810), the Russian poet. Lyrics (poems "Taurida", 1798, " Ancient night of the Universe ", 1807-09, etc.), proniknutaja ideas of naturalistic philosophy, - one of headstreams of Russian philosophical poetry of 19 century.

BEAVERS Sergey Pavlovich (1889-1971), the Russian writer, a translator. Collections of verses " Diamond woods ", "Lira liras" (both 1917). Social - Utopian novels. Stihovedcheskie activities. Popular scientific books (" the Magic two-horn ", 1949). The autobiographical story "Boy" (1966).

BOBROVITSA, city (with 1958) on Ukraine, the Chernigov region. A depot. 12,4 thousand inhabitants (1991). The alimentary enterprises.

SPANISH BROOMS Nikolay Fedorovich (1896-1988), the Russian astronomer. In 1920 has emigrated, with 1924 - in the USA. Transactionses on study of spectrums and a photometry of comets, a nature of asteroids.

BOBROVSKY (Bobrowski) Johannes (1917-65), the german writer. In stories " Levin Mill " (1964), " Lithuanian klaviry " (1966) understanding of historical guilt of Germans before other peoples. The collection of philosophical lyrics " Time of Sarmatians " (1961).

BOBROVSKY Pavel Osipovich (1832-1905), the Russian military historian, the general from infanterii (1896). In 1875-97 chief of Military - legal academy. Transactionses on a history of military law, junkerskih schools, regiments of Russian army, etc.

BOBROVSKY (Bobrowski) the Stefan (1841-1863), the actual chief (January - February 1863) Polish revolt 1863-64; the member of Central national committee. Has perished in the provoked duel.

The BOBROK-VOLYNSK Dmitry Mihajlovich, prince, grandson Gedimina, voevoda Dmitry Donskogo to which sister has been married. Successfully wared against Ryazan (1371), Volga bolgarami (1376), Lithuania (1379). In 1380 of 2-nd voevoda zasadnogo a shelf, supplying victory in Kulikovskoj to battle.

BOBRUISK, city (with 1795) in Belarus, the Mogilyov region, landing stage on r. Berezina. A railway junction (Berezina). 223 thousand inhabitants (1991.) Center of a woodworking industry. A machine industry, petrochemical and chemical (software "Bobrujskshina", etc.), alimentary, mild, a building materials an industry. 3 theatres. A study of local lore museum. It is known from 14 century; with 1649 in structure of Poland, with 1793 in Russian empire. Balneogrjazevoj a health resort.

BEAVERS, stem of rodents. Length of a body ok. 80 (up to 130) sm, mass ok. 18 (up to 32) kg. 2 kinds. A beaver european - in a forest zone of Eurasia, in bottomland forests of forest-steppe and steppe zones. Lives colonys on the wood rivers, well floats and dives (underwater there can be 4-5 mines). As a result of a predatory craft (valuable fur) to 20 century in Russia has been almost exterminated; and reakklimatizatsiej number is recovered by guarding. A beaver canadian - in the Sowing. To America, it is acclimatized in Finland, it is delivered to the Far East (Khabarovsk kr., Kamchatka, etc.). Beavers - object of a craft and a fur farming. The subspecies a beaver Asian - is guarded.

BOBSLEIGH (English bobsleigh), a downhill from mountains on special ice lines on the steered all-metal sledge, also called bobsleigh. As the kind of sport has engendered in Switzerland in kon. 19 century In International federation of bobsleigh and toboggana (FIBT; it is based in 1924) 32 countries (1991). In the program of winter Olympic Games with 1924, world championships with 1924.

BEAN (tick bean), annotinous herbaceous plant of a set of pod-bearing plants. Feed, grain and vegetable crop (in a green material, a grain, unripe fruits - proteins, Saccharum, polyneuramins, RR, With, a carotene). In Eurasia, the Sowing. To Africa. Productivity of a grain till 25-30 ts with 1 ga, a green material 200-300 ts with 1 ga.