FOREST ZONES, native zones equatorial, tropical, subtropical and moderate belts in which wild landscapes woods of different phylums prevail.

The FOREST CULTURES, artificially built forest plantations at-sight cuttings down, in treeless areas, under a cover of a wood which intended for chiselling. Are clear (from one breed) and blended.

The FOREST BELTS, artificially built forest plantations by the way tapes from lanes - field-protective, sadozashchitnye, gully, beam, etc. Detain snow, prevent a soil erosion, protect objects from snow and sandy drifts.

FOREST RESOURCES, timber resources, and also furs, the game animal, mushrooms, berries, drug plants, etc. in woods. Vozobnovimye and at a correct forest management inexhaustible natural resources.

SILVICS, science about a wood, his formation, structure and biological features of species of woods, phylums of standling timbers, communications with medium, methods of restoration and maintenance. Silvics - the theoretical basis of a forestry.

FORESTRY, 1) the branch of a plant growing engaging a forest culture. 2) Science about growth technique of a wood, ways of his cutting and methods of increase of efficiency.

LESOGORSK, city in the Russian Federation, the Sakhalin region, in a western part about. Sakhalin, in a mouth r. Lesogorka, on coast of the Tatar prol. 1,4 thousand inhabitants (1992). A forest industry, etc.

LESOZAVODSK, city (with 1938) in the Russian Federation, Bayshore kr., on r. Ussuri. ZH.-d. An item (Ëåñîçàâîäñê-1.) 45,4 thousand inhabitants (1992). Sawing, biochemical and other factories, furniture factory.

LESOPOLNAJA the SYSTEM of AGRICULTURE, primitive system of agriculture in a forest zone (14-17 centuries) - after putting off of several crops from the grounds free from under a wood, on 10-20 a flying abandoned them without machining; the ground areas grew with a forest vegetation, recovered a soil fertility, then them again ploughed up.

The CLEARING, plot of a mature forest, is more often in the form of a rectangular, width 100-1000 m, length up to 2000ì, intended for chiselling.

LESOSIBIRSK, city (with 1975) in the Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk kr., landing stage on r. Yenisei, bliz a mouth r. Angara. A depot. 69,3 thousand inhabitants (1991). Wood and a woodchemical industry. Pedagogical institute.

FOREST-STEPPE ZONES, native zones of moderate and subtropical belts in which wild landscapes alternate steppe and forest ranges.

LESOTHO, Kingdom of Lesotho (Kingdom of Lesotho), the state in the south of Africa, the enclave in terrain republic of South Africa. 30,4 thousand êì2. The population 1,7 million person (1993), primarily people suto. A urban population ok. 19 % (1988). The official language - English and suto. St. 70 % of the population christians, remaining hold on to aboriginal traditional convictions. Administrative - terriorialnoe division: 10 districts. Capital - Maseru. Enters into Commonwealth. Lesotho - the constitutional monarchy. The chief of state - king. Takes plateau Basuto (an extreme wave height 3482 ì), restricted from the orient and the south Drakensberg mountains. A climate subtropical, sharply continental. Mean temperatures of January 25-26 °S, July 15 °S. A rainfall of 750-1000 mm annually. The main river - Orange. Predominary steppe. In 1-st floor. 19 century nations suto, occupied terrain Lesotho in 17-18 centuries, have been joint under an authority of leader Moshesha I. In kon. 1860th. This terrain has been seized by Englishmen, in 1884 is posted by the protectorate of the Great Britain under the title Basutoland. In October 1966 independence of Basutoland which has become is professed to call by the Kingdom of Lesotho. Lesotho - agrarian country with elements of pre-capitalist attitudes. A lobe in a runway (1991, %): an agriculture 12, an industry 12,3. Main branch of an agriculture - a wool production. Cultivate corn, wheat, a sorghum. Production of diamonds. Manufacture of the electric power 1 million kvt.ch (1988). Length of motorways of 4,7 thousand in km (1991). Export: a wool (including a mohair), diamonds. The main foreign trade partners: the republic of South Africa, the Great Britain. Monetary unit - loti.

TUNDRA FOREST BELT, native zone the Sowing. Hemispheres, transient between a forest zone of a moderate belt and a tundra zone. In wild landscapes - the composite complex of light forests, tundras, bogs and meadows.

FOREST MANAGEMENT, system of measures on organization and a forest management. Actuates study and forest assessment, inventory of forest plantations, sizing and methods of a usage of forest, cutting methods and their volumes, development of recommendations for an increasing of forest productivity.

FOREST CHEMISTRY, field of knowledge about chemical properties of wood and ways of its processing of customer-furnished raw materials in cellulose, wood charcoal, common resin, turpentine, tannins, etc.

LOESS (a nem. loss), not layered, uniform, fine-grained izvestkovistaja a sedimental rock of light yellow or pale-yellow colour. Particles of 0,01-0,05 mm prevail; most coarse grains will consist routinely of crystal and a feldspar. A porosity of 40-55 %. Is capable to save vertical dip-slopes and to give depressions at humidifying. The Sowing is distributed predominary in steppe and semidesert areas of a moderate belt of Eurasia. And JUzh. America. Occurs by the way covers power from several m up to 100-200 m on watersheds and downslopes.

LESSEPS (Lesseps) Ferdinand (1805-94), the French engineer - businessman, the foreign honorary member Petersburg AN (1876). Supervised in 1859-69 construction of Suez canal, having received on it prorytie concession from the governor of Egypt. Headed joint-stock company on prorytiju Panama canal which skandalno has become bankrupt (see "Panama").

LESSING (Lessing) Gothold Efraim (1729-81), the german playwright, the theorist of art and the literary critic of Enlightenment, the founder of the german classical literature. In extirpation for democratic national crop as a means of political updating of Germany has created the first german "petty-bourgeois" drama " Miss Sarai Sampson " (1755), an educational comedy " Minna background Barnhelm " (1767). In tragedy " Emilija Galotti " (1772) has denounced social arbitrariness, in a drama " Natan Wise " (1779) has acted the adherent of religious indulgence and humanity. Settled aesthetic principles of educational realism (book "Laokoon", 1766; " the Hamburg dramatic art ", 1767-69).