GAFKI (Gaffky) George (1850-1918), a german microbiologist and an epidemiologist. For the first time has secured in 1884 clean cultures of a bacillus of a typhoid. Has improved bacteriological technique (has entered into practice a platinum loop, has offered a number of solid substrates). The organizer of antiepidemic measures.

HAFNIUM (an armour. Hafnium), Hf, a chemical element of IV group of a periodic system, atomic number 72, atomic weight 178,49. It is called from pozdnelat. Hafnia - Copenhagen. Siver-white refractory metal; firmness of 13,35 g / sm3, tïë 2230 °S. A material for doctor bars and protection of nuclear reactors, electrodes of plasma generators, a component of heat resisting and high-melting alloys for aircraft and a rocketry.

GAFSA, fosforitonosnyj area on a southwest of Tunis. Assimilation with 1899. The area of 6 thousand êì2. Known reserves ok. 0,5 billion t. Major deposits: Metlavi, Redeef, Mulares, Mdilla. Phosphorites acinose silica - calcareous with content Ð2Î5 of 22-32 %. Center of production - Gafsa.

GAFT Valentine Iosifovich (r. 1935), the Russian actor, the national actor of Russia (1984). To Ãàôòà game the intellectual sharpness and the irony often gravitating to caustic sarcasm are peculiar. Roles: Glumov (" Balalajkin and To ° " on M.E.Saltykovu-ShChedrinu), George (" who is afraid of Virginia Woolf " E.Olbi), Rahlin (" the Cat domestic mean pushistosti " V.V.Voinovich and G.I.Gorin), etc. It was taken out in films "Garage", " Heavens promised ", TV movies "Tanja", " Secret Edvina Druda ", etc.

GAFUR GULJAM (Guljamov) (1903-66), the Uzbek writer, the national poet of Uzbekistan (1963), academician AN of Uzbekistan (1943). Collections of verses "Dynamo" (1931), " I Go from the Orient " (1943), " Happiness of native ground " (1951), " Lenin and the Orient " (1961), "Total" (it is published 1967). The lenin premium (1970, posthumously), the State premium of the USSR (1946).

GAFURI (Gafurov) Mazhit (Gabdulmazhit) Nurganievich (1880-1934), the Bashkir and tatar writer, the national poet of Bashkiria (1923). Collections of revolutionary verses " the Red banner " (1917), a poem "Worker" (1921), the story of " the Stage of life " (1930), the autobiographical story " On gravel mines of the poet " (1931).

GAFUROV (up to 1978 Sovetabad), city (with 1965) in Tadjikistan, region Hudzhandskaja. Railway an item (Khojend). 18,2 thousand inhabitants (1991). Hlopkoochistitelnye, concrete products factories. A flavoring industry. It is called named B.G.Gafurova.

GAFUROV Abutalib Gafurovich (1882-1975), laksky the poet, the national poet of Dagestan (1939). Has entered in lakskoe stihoslozhenie a rhyme, the eight-composite sillabichesky the dimension, a new genre - the prose alternated by verses. Collections " the New world " (1934), " the Second life " (1970), " Abutalib has said... " (1975).

GAFUROV Bobodzhan Gafurovich (1908-77), the Tadjik historian, academician AN the USSR (1968). In 1946-56 1-st secretary of Central Committee KP of Tadjikistan. With 1956 director of Institute of oriental studies AN the USSR. Transactionses on a history of peoples Compare. Asia.

GAFY (a nem. Haff - a lagoon, lake), polupresnovodnye firths in ostiums of the rivers of Baltic m., on a shore of Germany, separabled from starving islands or sand - bars.

GAHA (Hacha) Emil (1872-1945), the president built in Czechoslovakia german fascists " the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia " in 1939-45. In May 1945 it arrested as the war criminal. Has died in the conclusion.

GAHN, see State Academy of art sciences.

GACHEV George Dmitrievich (r. 1929), the Russian critic, the literary critic, the philosopher. The main activities are dedicated the theory of the literature, national artistic images of the world, Russian philosophical idea. Books: " Pithiness of art forms. The epos, lyrics, a drama " (1968), " Life of art consciousness " (1972), " Inevitable: accelerated development of the literature " (1989), " Russian Duma: Portraits of Russian thinkers " (1991), " Russian Eros: Roman of idea with life " (1994), etc.

GASHEK (Hasek) JAroslav (1883-1923), the Czech writer - satirist. The participant of 1-st world war; in 1918 has entered in RKP (á) and Red Army. In 1920 has returned to Czechoslovakia. The antimilitarist novel " Adventures of gallant soldier Shvejka during world war " (1921-23) combines realistic patterns of a national household activities with a satirical block type. Stories, feuilletons.

GASHINSKY Arcady Evgenjevich (r. 1920), the Ukrainian actor, the national actor of the USSR (1971). On the scene with 1945. With 1948 at the Ukrainian theatre him. Ex (Kiev).

HEMP (arab)., the dry pitch secreted with women plants of a jute. A junk. Manufacturing and sales of a hemp under the Russian legislation are penal.

GAJUI the LAW, the empirical law ogranenija crystals, content R.Z.Gajui in 1784. If in the capacity of 3 coordinate axises to pick some crystal edges the relative inclinations of crystal faces are those, that the cuttings which are cut off by them on coordinate, concern as integers.

GAJUI (Ajui) Ren Zhjust (1743-1822), French kristallograf and mineralog, the foreign honorary member Petersburg AN (1806). Has discovered one of fundamental laws of crystallography (law Gajui).

GAJA (Gajja), city in the Sowing. India, pieces. Bihar. 291 thousand inhabitants (1981). An alimentary, tanning industry. It is known with it is grey. 1-st thousand up to n. e., the centre of pilgrimage of hindus; d. Buddh-Gaja (in 10 kms to the south from Gai) - the world centre of pilgrimage of Buddhists.

GAJAL, the domestic form a gaura. Cultivate in India as meat and working cattle.