GAJATRI (sanskr. An ode), in vedijskoj and induistskoj mythologies the goddess sacred vedijskih verses, wife Brahmy.

GUADALAJARA, city in Spain, on r. Enares, in and. About. Castile - la-Mancha, an administrative centre prov. Guadalajara. 57 thousand inhabitants (1981). Motorostroenie. One of the centres of battles for Madrid in the Civil war 1936-39.

GUADALQUIVIR (Guadalquivir), the river in Spain. 560 kms, the area of basin of 57 thousand êì2. Starts in Andalusskih mountains. Weeps on Andalusskoj nizm., runs in Kadissky a hall. Atlantic ok. Average discharge of water 164 m3 / with. It is used for an irrigation. It is navigable in the lower flow. On Guadalquivir - cities Cordobas, Seville.

GUADELOUPE (Guadeloupe), an island in group of Upwind islands in West Indies. Together with adjoining islands (the Goosefoot - Galant, Dezirad, Le-Sent, Sen-Bartelmi, Ptit-megamegas and boreal part about. Saint Martin) - the French possession. 1,8 thousand êì2. The population of 418 thousand person (1993). Adm. ts. - Basse-Terre. A calcareous plateau and volcanic masses (active volcano Sufrier, 1467 ì). Plantations of a cane, bananas, citrous. Animal husbandry, fishery. It is open by H.Columbus in 1493. In 1674 island it is declared by the French possession. Up to 1816 for an island there was an extirpation between France and the Great Britain. In 1946 has received the status of " overseas department " France.

GUADIANA (Guadiana), the river in Spain and Portugal. 820 kms, the area of basin of 68 thousand êì2. Starts on a plateau of Ac - Mancha, runs in Kadissky a hall. Average discharge of water ok. 80 m3 / with. It is used for an irrigation. A river plant. In a lower reaches it is navigable.

GVALIOR (Gwalior, Gvaliur), the principality in the Sowing. India, existing up to 1948, in 1948-56 in the union of principalities Madhja-Bharat, with 1956 terrain Gvaliora - a part pieces. Madhja-Pradesh.

GWALIOR, city in boreal part of India, pieces. Madhja-Pradesh. 693 thousand inhabitants (1991). Cotton, a food-processing industry, a machine industry; handcrafts. The strength including palaces (including palace CHit-Mandir, between 1486-1516).

GVARDEJSK (up to 1946 Tapiau), city in the Russian Federation, the Kaliningrad region, for confluence Dejma and Pregolja. A depot. 12,3 thousand inhabitants (1992). The textile, alimentary enterprises. It is based in 1722.

GVARDI (Guardi) (Guardi) Franchesko (1712-93), the italian painter. The representative of the venetian school. Religious, mythological, historical patterns (" Alexander before body Darija "), poetic kinds of Venice with scenes of urban life (" Rise of an air balloon ", 1784). Masterly transmitted the game of light and a shade, a moist air solving lineaments of subjects.

GVARDINI (Guardini) (Guardini) Romano (1885-1968), the german roman catholic figure, the religious philosopher, the writer and the publicist. Opposed nazi anti-Semitism (" the Christian before a face of racism ", 1939). Activities about Sokrate, Dante, F.Gelderline, F.M.Dostoevskom, R.M.Rilke.

GUARDS (ital. guardia), the perfect privileged part of a troops. Has appeared in Italy (12 century), in France (nach. 15 century), then in England, Sweden, Russia, Prussia (17 century) and other. In Russia the guards (lejb-guards) is built by Peter I in 90th of 17 century. In nach. 20 century comprised of 13 infantry, 4 rifle and 14 horse regiments, etc. parts. In 1918 it is abolished. In the season of Great Domestic war of a part, the ships, connections and associations of the Soviet Armed forces, otlichivshiesja in breakages, have been conferred of the title Guards.

GUARDS LJUDOVA (Gwardia Ludowa), in 1942-43 military organization of the Polish working consignment in occupied fascist Germany to Poland. On January, 1 1944 it is reorganized in Army Ljudovu.

GVARINI (Guarini) (Guarini) Battista (1538-1612), the italian poet, the theorist of the literature and art. Madrigals, tragicomic pastorals (" the Valid shepherd ", it is issued 1589) assert far from humanistic ideals of Revitalization principles of the entertainment literature. " The tutorial of tragicomic poetry " (1601-02).

GVARINI Gvarino (1624-83), the italian architect. In block constructions Gvarini restless dynamics of the architecture of Baroque (church the Dignity - Lorentso in Turin, 1668-87) reaches apogee.

GVARNERI (Guarneri), family of italian masters of stringed instruments. An ancestor - Andrea (1626-98). His sons: Pjetro (1655-1720) and Dzhuzeppe (1666-1739). Sons of the latter: Pjetro 2-nd (1695-1762) and Dzhuzeppe (Joseph) nicknamed Gvarneri del Dzhezu (1698-1744), on which instruments played N.Paganini, F.Krejsler, etc.

GUATEMALA, Republic Guatemala (Republica de Guatemala), the state in Center. To America. 108,9 thousand êì2. The population 9,7 million person (1988), basically guatemalans (ispano-American Indian mongrels) and Indians. A urban population of 38,4 % (1993). The official language - spanish. The majority of believers - roman catholics. Administrative territorial division: 22 departments. Capital - Guatemala. The chief of state and governments - the president. The body of legislation - a unicameral National congress. In a relief prevail a mountains (an altitude 1000 - 3000 ì) with burning mountains raising above them an altitude up to 4217 m (an active volcano of Tajumulco, a peak level Center. America). Crowded earthquakes. A climate subequatorial. Monthly mean temperatures from 15 up to 27 °S. A rainfall from 500 up to 2500 mm annually. Navigable rivers - Montagua, Polochik; an eskar. Isabal. Ok. 60 % of terrain - evergreen tropical forests. National parks: Tikal, Rio-Dulse, Atitlan, etc. In an antiquity the terrain of Guatemala was populated by Indians. In nach. 16 century it is conquered by spanish colonialists. In 1821 in a course of war for independence of spanish colonys in America 1810-26 Guatemala has proclaimed independence. In 1824 the servitude is cancelled. In 1823-39 in structure of Coherent provinces Center. America. With 1898 on 1920 and with 1931 on 1944 country dictatorial regimes steered. Government of president H.Arbensa Gusman (1951-54), trying to execute a land reform, was svergnuto as a result of military putsch which was supported by the USA. The season (1954-65, 1970-85) the new tumbles organized by different military groups has followed; in country left-wing radical insurgent orders acted. With 1985 for an authority civil government. Guatemala - agrarian country. A lobe in a runway (1992, %): village, a forestry and fishery 26, an industry 15. Main documentary agricultural crops: coffee, bananas, cardamon, a cotton; Consumer - corn, rice, a bean. Animal husbandry backward. Preparations of valuable tropical wood and pitch a chicle (for manufacture of a chewing gum). Production of zinc-lead ores, salt. Manufacture of the electric power 2,3 billion in kw? A h (1990). Flavoring, tanning, textile, a petrochemical industry. Oil refining and steel-rolling factories. Length (1990) railways ok. 917 kms, motorways 13,3. The tonnage of a marine merchant marine fleet of 353 thousand t deadweight. Seaports: Puerto-Barrios, San Jose, CHamperiko. Export of coffee, a cotton - raw, bananas, Saccharum. The main foreign trade partners: the USA, Mexico, countries Center. America, Germany. Tourism. Monetary unit - ketsal.

GUATEMALA (Guatemala), capital of Guatemala. 1,1 million inhabitants (1993). An international airport. Flavoring, textile, a leather and foot-wear industry. Universities. Museums, including histories and fine arts, archeology and ethnography. The cathedral (1782-1815), recovered after earthquakes (1917-18). It is based in 1524 under the title of Santiago (it is renamed later). Earthquakes (the most destructive - in 1976) are often.

GUATEMALANS, people, the main population of Guatemala (5,6 million person). An aggregate number 5,68 million person (1992). Primarily ispano-American Indian mongrels (ladino). Speak on a guatemalan dialect of spanish tongue. Believers - basically roman catholics.