GAUZE George Frantsevich (1910-86), the Russian microbiologist, one of osnovatelej theoretical and experimental ecology, academician AMN the USSR (1971). The main transactionses are dedicated study of antibiotics and making out of mechanisms of their action. Together with wi M.G.Brazhnikovoj has secured (1942) antibiotic from group of the gramicidins, introduced in a commercial production. Ground experimental activities with Protozoa and microorganisms has formulated t. n. A competitive exclusion principle according to which two kinds occupying one environmental niche, cannot co-exist beyond all bounds long. The state premium of the USSR (1946).

GAUK Alexander Vasiljevich (1893-1963), the Russian conductor, the composer, the national actor of Russia (1954). With 1920 worked in Leningrad, in 1936-41 main conductor of the State symphonic orchestra of the USSR, in 1953-61 - the Major symphonic orchestra of the All-Union wireless. The professor of the Moscow conservatory (with 1948).

GAUMATA (Lzhebardija), midijsky the magician (sacrificer), opposed the persian tsar Kambisa, the son of Mineral tar II. Has taken possession in 522 up to n. e. A holy table, having given itself for secretly killed Kambisom the junior son of Mineral tar - Bardiju. Will overthrow and is killed by conspirators led by Dariem I.

GUARDROOM (from a nem. Hauptwache, characters. - main sentry), a special room for the content under arrest of servicemen.

GAUR, a cloven-hoofed animal of a set polorogih; the feral bull. An altitude up to 2,2 m. Horns especially major for samtsov (length up to 83 sm). Malacca dwells in woods of India, Nepal, p-ova Indochina, p-ova. In past object of a hunt (meat and a skin). It was saved primarily in national parks. In Red Data Book MSOP. The domestic form - gajal.

GAURDAK, city (with 1990) in Turkmenii, region Chardzhouskaja, in piedmonts hr. Kugitangtau. 23,3 thousand inhabitants (1991). Production of native sulphur. Factories: sulfuric, potassium fertilizers.

GAURISHANKAR, top in B.Gimalajah, on border of Nepal and China. An altitude of 7144 m.

HAUSMANNITE, mineral of subclass of the composite oxides, Mn2 + Mn23 + Î4. Impurity Fe, Zn, Ba, Mg, Ca, etc. Basically black acinose masses. Hardness 5-5,5; firmness ok. 4,9 g / sm3. Metamorphic, kontaktovo-metasomatichesky, hydrothermal. Ore for a ferromanganese smelting and alloyed irons.

GAUSS (Gau?) Charles Fridrih (1777-1855), german mathematician, foreign corresponding member (1802) and the foreign honorary member (1824) Petersburg AN. Fundamental connection is characteristic for creativity of Gauss between theoretical and an applied mathematics, a latitude of a problematics. Transactionses of Gauss have rendered major influence on development of algebra (the proof of the main theorem of algebra), number theories (quadratic residues), a differential geometry (internal geometry of surfaces), mathematical physics (a principle of Gauss), the theory of an electricity and magnetism, a geodesy (development of a least-squares method) and many sections of astronomy.

GAUSSES DISTRIBUTION (Gauss probability law), the same, that a normal distribution.

GAUSSES the SYSTEM OF UNITS, the same, that symmetrical C.G.S. a system of units.

GAUSSES the THEOREM, the main theorem of electrostatics contacting between a torrent of electric field strength through a closed surface and an electric charge inside this surface.

HAUSTORIUM (from an armour. haustor - drinking), suckers for plants, employees for a nutritive absorption from a body of other plants or from adjacent organs of the same plant. For spurious seed plants (a dodder, a broomrape) a haustorium - a modified root.

GAUTAMA, see in an item. The Buddha.

GAUCHO, an ethnic group in Argentina, derivated in 16-17 centuries from discards of Spaniards with American Indian women; led nomadic life, worked shepherds. Descendants gaucho have joined structure argentintsev.

GAUJA, national park in Latvia. It is derivated in 1973, the area 83750 ga. Mixed coniferous-broadleafed forests in an ancient valley r. Gauja. The moose, a roe deer, a red deer, a beaver, etc.; ok. 150 kinds of birds. Picturesque rocky a baring, ancient architectonic monuments.

GAUJA (Gauja), the river in Latvia. 460 kms, the area of basin of 8,9 thousand êì2. Average discharge of water 78 m3 / with. Runs into the Riga hall. On Gauje - cities Strenchi, Valmiera, TSesis, Sigulda.

GAFF (from niderl. gaffel, characters. - vily), slope rej, fixed by a toe on a top of a spar tree. Ministers for rise of a flag and signals; on sailing vessels to a gaff fix a upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail.