GANDA (baganda), people of group to a bow in Uganda (3,25 million person, 1992). Live also in Tanzania. Believers - basically christians, are moslems - sunnity, the part saves traditional convictions.

GANDAK, the river in Nepal and India, the left-handed in-leak of Ganges. 650 kms. The area a bass. 44,3 thousand êì2. The beginning in a Himalaya, flows on plain Gangskoj. Average discharge of water ok. 800 m3 / with. Crowded floods. It is used for an irrigation. Navigation. In a mouth-. Hadzhipur (India).

GANDZAK (Gazaka), ancient city in area an eskar. Urmia (northwest Iran). Capital Atropateny since 4 century up to n. e. In 622 it eroded by byzantians.

GUNDY Indira (1917-84), the prime minister of India in 1966-77 and with 1980, Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1984. Daughter Dzh. Nehru. The participant of national-liberation motion. One of leaders of a consignment Indian national congress (INK), and after its split in December 1977 - the chairman (since January 1978) INK (È) - consignments of adherents of Gundy. Took also different portfolios (with 1964). It is killed by terrorists. The international Lenin premium (1985, posthumously).

GUNDY Mohandas Karamchand (1869-1948), one of leaders of indian national-liberation motion, his ideologist (see. Gandizm). On education the lawyer. In 1893-1914 cable cores in JUzh. To Africa. In 1915 has returned to India and has soon headed a consignment the Indian national congress. Gundy directly supervised over extirpation for independence. After seizure of independence (1947) and its units by India on two states (Indian Soyuz and Pakistan) Gundy has acted against begun indo-Muslim massacres and has been killed by the member induistskoj extremist organization. It is nicknamed in people Mahatmoj (" Great soul ").

GUNDY Radzhiv (1944-91), the prime minister of India in 1984-89; simultaneously in 1984-88 Minister for Foreign Affairs. Son I.Gandi. With 1980 chief of a youth wing of a consignment the Indian national congress (È) - INK (È). In 1983-84 secretary general INK (È), with 1984 chairman INK (È). It is killed by terrorists.

GANDIZM, social-political and religious - philosophical doctrine, designed M.K.Gandi, becoming philosophy of indian national-liberation motion. Philosophy and features: achievement of independence by a nonpredatory, nonviolent means, by entrainment in extirpation of broad broad masses (see. Satjagraha); idealization of olden time, the appeal to religious feelings of broad masses, simultaneously extirpation with caste disparity.

HANDICAP (English handicap), sporting competition of miscellaneous participants on a class with preliminary equalization of odds of victory, as a rule, by granting of any odds by the weakest (napr., advantage in time).

GANDHINAGAR, city in Zap. India, an administrative centre pieces. Gujarat. Is under construction with 1964. Executes primarily administrative functions. It is called named M.K.Gandi.

GANDISYSHAN (Transgimalai), a range in the south of plateau of Tibet, in China. Reaches in bridge to a Himalaya 1600 kms. (Brahmaputra) and Indus (in verhovjah) is unbound from them in the south valleys of rivers TSangpo. The main hrebty: Kailas, Aling-Gangri (an extreme wave height 7315 ì), Njenchen-Tanglha. Snow patches, icehouses. High-mountainous steppes and deserts.

GANDLEVSKY Sergey Markovich (r. 1952), the Russian poet. Belonged to a poetic underground 70-80-Õ. In lyrics, on poetics of close Russian classical poetic tradition, - ironically osmysljaemye reminiscences, quotations. Poetic collections: "Story" (1989), "Holiday" (1995). The autobiographical story "Craniotrypesis" (1995, literary award Bukera, 1996).

GANDHARA, the ancient title of range in northwest of Pakistan. Gandhara has denominated the peculiar art school which arisen here in season Kushanskogo of a kingdom and has influenced development of medieval art Compare, Center. And Vost. Asia.

GANDHARVY, in induistskoj mythologies the celestial musicians humouring gods; beloved apsar.

GANELIN Raphael Sholomovich (r. 1926), the Russian historian, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991). Transactionses on a history of Russia kon. 19 - nach. 20 centuries.

GANEMAN (Haneman) (Hahnemann) Samuel (1755-1843), the german doctor, the founder of a homeopathy.

GANESHA, in brahmanizme and induizme slonovogolovyj the god of wisdom, the son of god Shivy.

"GANZHUR" ("Gandzhur") (Tibet., characters. - slovesa), collection of canonical Buddhist texts in 108 volumes in the Tibetan tongue. It is transferbed to the Mongolian tongue in 17 century. Actuates 1161 product in prose and verses.

HANSA (a nem. Hanse), the trade and political union severonemetskih cities in 14 (perfection) - 16 centuries (it is formal up to 1669) led by Lubek. To Hansa executed intermediate trade between Zap., the Sowing. And Vost. Europe, the trade hegemony in the Sowing belonged. To Europe. In Hansa entered up to 100 cities, including. Revel (Tallinn), Derpt (Tartu), Riga, etc. With kon. 15 century decline of Hansa began.

GANZEMAN (Hanzeman) (Hansemann) David (1790-1864), during Revolution 1848-49 in Prussia Minister of Finance (March - June 1848) and the minister - president (July - September 1848).