GARDI Dzh. Ê., see Hardy Dzh. To.

GARDI Ò., see Hardy T.

"GARDIAN" (" The Guardian "), the daily English newspaper, with 1821 (up to 1959 " Manchester gardian "), the London and Manchester.

GARDING (Harding) (Harding) Warren (1865-1923), 29-th president the USA (1921-1923), from the Republican consignment.

GARDINER (Gardiner) Alan Henderson (1879-1963), the English egyptologist. The publisher and the commentator literary and historical drevneegipetskih monuments, including " the Leyden papyrus ¹ 344 ", reporting on the most ancient revolt of poor men and slaves. Activities on general linguistics. Grammar of classical egyptian tongue.

GARDINER Semjuel Roson (1829-1902), the English historian. The main transactionses on a history of England of 17 century, primarily the English revolution.

GARDNER (Gardner) Ava (1922-90), the American film actress. At kino with 1942. Has created passageway of the characters distinguished by aggressive carnality and backbone. It was taken out in films: "Killers" (1946), " Snow Kilimandzharo " (1952), " Night iguany " (1964), etc.; in kon. 1960-70-Õ played roles of growing old beauties (films: "Majerling", " Life and times of the judge the Poppy - Bina ", etc.).

GARDNER (Gardner) John (1933-82), the American writer and the literary critic. In novels " Dialogues with Solar " (1972), " the Nickeliferous mountain " (1973) contrasts family moral values and traditional democracy as bezduhovnomu to economic advance, and nigilistic rebelliousness of pullet anarchists and radicals. In the novel " Autumnal light " (1976) "counterculture" stands up to traditional moral of village America. Polemic with a modernism in the book " About morals of the literature " (1978).

GARDNER Frants Jakovlevich, the English merchant, with is grey. 18 century in Russia. In 1766 has based porcelain factory in a seconds. Verbilki (nowadays a settlement of the Moscow region), releasing mass and expensive highly artistic production (gardnerovsky porcelain).

GAREYEV Musa Gajsinovich (1922-87), doubly the Hero of Soviet Union (1945), the colonel (1956). In Great Domestic war in an attack aviation, the squadron commander; ok. 250 sorties.

HAREM (from the arab. haram - prohibition), a women room in the Muslim dwelling. Figuratively - wives and nalozhnitsy a host of a house.

FIRE (Gary) Romen (psevd. Emil Azhar, Ajar) (1914-80), the French writer. The native of Russia. Opposition of hopelessness, absurdity of daily existence, neprijatie all forms of a xenophobia in novels " Roots of the root " (1956), " Promising on a dawn " (1960), " Life ahead! " (1975), "Kites" (1980), proniknutyh compassion to the person. The autobiographical book " Life and mors Emilja Azhara " (it is published 1981). Has committed suicide.

GARIBALDI (Garibaldi) Anita (1821-49), the wife and colleague Dzh. Garibaldi, participat in guerilla breakages in JUzh. To America and in the defence of Roman republic 1849.

GARIBALDI Dzhuzeppe (1807-82), the national hero of Italy, one of leaders of revolutionary wing Risordzhimento. From above 10 flying combated for independence juzhnoamerikanskih republics. The participant of Italian revolution 1848-49, the organizer of the defence of Roman republic 1849. In 1848, 1859 and 1866 in the chapter of volunteers participat in liberation wars against Austria. In 1860 has headed a marching of "Thousand" which have released the south of Italy that has supplied victory of Italian revolution 1859-60. In 1862 and 1867 attempted armed force to release Rome of an authority of dads. During ex - Prussian war 1870-71 combated the volunteer on the party of France.

GARIBALDI (Garibaldi) Dzhuzeppe (on July, 4 1807, Nice - on June, 2 1882, Kaprera), the italian political figure, one of leaders of motion for association of Italy. Father Garibaldi, Domeniko, was hereditary morehodom; mother - nee Rose - tree Rajmondi. The first teachers Garibaldi were abbe Giovanni Dzhakone and the retired officer of áúÑnÑ. A youth. Years in expulsion About Garibaldi 15 flying floated the sea boy, and then the mariner on merchant ships of private masters and Sardinian military fleet. In 1833 he has entered a secret revolutionary society " Pullet Italy ", founded Dzhuzeppe Madzini. In this season major influence on him have rendered sensimonisty, acquainted it with ideas of equality, brotherhood and legal equality. The same year in Marseilles Garibaldi participat in preparation of revolt in Piedmont, but because of a fall ran and in absentia has been sentenced to the execution. With 1834-48 was in expulsion. With 1836-47 accepted active sharing in national-liberation wars in Latin America (republics Rio-Grandskoj with Brazil and Uruguay with Argentina). Has been taken in a film and was in prison in Argentina. In 1842 Garibaldi married on brazilianke to Anna Maria (Anita) Ribejro yes Silva from which had three children. Within revolution In 1848 Garibaldi has decided to return home. Italy has been at this time enveloped by revolutionary movement. Revolutions were committed in Milan, Venice (where the Venetian republic was formed), later in Rome and Tuscany. The Sardinian kingdom has become the constitutional monarchy. Simultaneously Piedmont has declared war Austria. Garibaldi has called order of volunteers and led act of war in the Alpes; after victory of the Austrians it was sorted out to Tuscany, and then to Rome where has been selected the deputy of Constitutional assembly. After depressing revolutions of 1848-49 Garibaldi with the body has moved to Venice, but in mountains has been surrounded, taken in a film and it is encased in strength in Genoa (during this marching his wife Anita has perished). Garibaldi arrest has called such I bore disturbances, that the government had to release it and to send from Piedmont. On September, 16 1849 Garibaldi has sailed from Nice all over again to Boreal Africa, and then to America. Garibaldijskie marchings From 1851 Garibaldi floated the captain on a merchant ship. In February 1859 chapter pjemontskogo governments of columns of K.Kavur were invited by Garibaldi to Turin, having offered him to begin levy of troops of volunteers for sharing in war against Austria. In Garibaldi 1859-60 body " the Alpine scapes " the triumphal flight on terrain of Lombardy, having expelled from it has committed the Austrians. In the districts of Garibaldi occupied in him released peasants of taxes, than has conquered huge popularity among the population. After the conclusion shameful Villafrankskogo armistices 1859 Republican consignment on Sicily where at this time began revolt, has offered Garibaldi to head expedition with the purpose of capture of all Neapolitan kingdom. So in 1860 the well-known marching garibaldijskoj "Thousand" has been carried out. Having expelled in the beginning Burbons from Sicily, Garibaldi with the volunteers has moved to Naples and has taken it. He has been professed by the dictator of both Sicilies on behalf of king of Piedmont Victor Emmanuila II. Both on Sicily and in Naples Garibaldi has released political prisoners, has cancelled a number of taxes. On November, 6 after the plebiscite the Neapolitan kingdom has been adjoined to Piedmont. In 1860 Garibaldi married for the second time, but this spoilage from the very beginning has appeared unsuccessful. In the summer 1862 Garibaldi has visited England for raising of money on implementation of a marching to Venice. In London Garibaldi has met A.Gertsenom. After the beginning in 1866 avstro-Prussian wars king Victor Emmanuil II has again invoked Garibaldi for sharing in act of war. With Garibaldi order has taken Austral Tirol. In the summer 1867 Garibaldi has committed propaganda trip across Boreal and Central Italy, invoking for a new marching to Papal States, arrested and it is again banished on Kapreru, on October, 14 on October, 1867.22 he whence ran together with the volunteers has transfered border of Papal States, but having sufferred a defeat in one of battles, has been taken in a film and reset on Kapreru. The last season After abdication of Napoleon III (on September, 6 1870) Papal States has been occupied pjemontskimi in a troops. Garibaldi has offered the services to republican government of France in war against Prussia. In January 1871 he has divided a Prussian troops in battle at Dijon and has been selected the deputy of National assembly of France, but has refused the mandate and on February, 16 has finally returned on Kapreru. His girlfriend in the last decades was Francheska Ariozino from which he also had three children. To marry her he a smog only in 1880 when his previous spoilage has been cancelled. The last years of life of Garibaldi has conducted in loneliness.

GARIBALDIJSKIE BRIGADES, impact guerilla orders of Resistance movement in Italy in 1943-1945, basically from communists. Compounded ok. Halves of guerilla armed forces.

GARIQUE (garigue) (frants. garigue, garrigue), thrickets of stunted evergreen bushes, a dwarf palm and perennial drought-resistant grasses on stony epines of a shore of Mediterranean m.

GARIN Í. (an ice-film. A name and fam. Nikolay Georgievich Mihajlovsky) (1852-1906), the Russian writer, the engineer - puteets. The tetralogy " the Childhood of the Theme " (1892), "High-school students" (1893), "Students" (1895), "Engineers" (are published 1907), dedicated destinies of intelligency. Worked on construction of the largest Russian railways, including. Siberian.