The GENERAL - GOVERNOR, 1) the maximum position of aboriginal administration of Russia in 1703-1917; had a civil and military authority, with 1775 headed a general - governorship. 2) the Official presenting the English king in some states, included in Commonwealth and admitting the English king in the capacity of chiefs of state (as a rule, major dominions).

GENERAL - GOVERNORSHIP, administrative and territorial unit in Russia in 1775-1917. Actuated one or several provinces or ranges; it was steered by the general - governor.

GENERALIZATION (from an armour. generalis - general, main), 1) generalization, logic transition from the particular to the general, subordination of the private phenomena to a general principle. 2) In medicine - distribution of disease process, in the beginning restricted, on all organism or an organ. 3) In cartography - process of selection and (or) generalizations of the content at drawing up of a geographical map according to its destination, subjects and capabilities of a scale.

The GENERALISSIMO (from an armour. generalissimus - the most important), the maximum military rank in some countries. For the first time it is entered in 1569 in France. In Russia (with kon. 17 century) a rank of the generalissimo had F.J.Romodanovsky, A.S.Sheyin, A.D.Menshikov, Anton Ulrih Braunshvejgsky (father of emperor of Ivan VI), A.V.Suvorov. In the USSR the rank of the Generalissimo of Soviet Union is assigned only to I.V.Stalin. In 20 century in foreign countries F.Franko (Spain), the Tub - Kajshi (China) had a rank of the generalissimo, etc. In 1992 rank of the generalissimo it is assigned Kim Ir to Hay (KNDR).

GENERALICH (Generalic) Ivan (r. 1914), the Croatian artist. Having created in 1930 in a native torrent to the Beebread school of country painters, has become one of the most known masters in the world of " naive art ". His painting (on a linen or on glasses) is as a whole colourful and mazhorna, is full folklore optimism, but actuates and many mournful motives of memory of a terror of times of 2-nd world war.

The GENERAL - KAPITANSTVA, in 16 - nach. 19 centuries of terrain in the American colonys of Spain, were under steering of the generals - captains quoted by a spanish corona. Nominally the general - kapitanstva entered in a vice-kingdom, but actually were do-it-yourself politiko-administrative units.

The GENERAL - KVARTIRMEJSTER, the staff position in some armies (the Great Britain, Russia, Germany, etc.). Routinely headed in headquarters development and planning of military operations.

GENERALS Vasily Denisovich (1867-87), the member of a terrorist fraction of " National will ". The participant of preparation of attempt 1.3.1887 on emperor Alexander III. It is hung up.

GENERALS Nikolay Alekseevich (r. 1933), Russian physics, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1987). Transactionses in range of mechanics, physics of a lightning discharge and a quantum electronics.

The GENERAL - PUBLIC PROSECUTOR, one of the maximum state positions in imperial Russia. Supervised of legitimacy of activity of state machinery, headed the Senate; with 1802 it is simultaneous also Minister of Justice.

GENERAL - FIELD MARSHAL, the maximum military grade in Russian and some foreign armies.

The GENERAL - FELDTSEJHMEJSTER, the main chief of artillery in Russian, Prussian (up to 1757) and German (19 - nach. 20 centuries) armies.

GENERAL ASSEMBLY of the United Nations, one of principal organs of the United Nations. Will consist of all members of the United Nations. - the member of the United Nations has each state no more than 5 representatives to General Assembly of the United Nations. Is proxy to consider any problems within the limits of the UN Charter, and also to do on nymas of the recommendation to states - members and Security Council of the United Nations. Has: 7 main committees - on political problems and safety issues, on disarming and international safety, on economic and to money matters, etc.; 2 standing committees - Advisory on administrative and budget problems and Committee under instalments. The establishment of ad hoc committees and commissions (napr practises., Committee on use of space in the nonpredatory purposes, the International Law Commission, etc.) . There are special organs of General Assembly of the United Nations on rights of independent international organizations, napr., International agency on atomic energy (MAGATE). Regular sessions of General Assembly of the United Nations are convoked annually, extraordinary and special sessions are if necessary carried out.

GENERAL the FOREMAN, the maximum central military and a civil affairs government on Left-bank Ukraine in 2-nd floor. 17-18 centuries, advice at the hetman. It was nominated as the hetman as agreed with imperial government. Structure: oboznyj, the judge, the clerk, esaul, horunzhy, podskarby, bunchuzhnyj - all called general.

GENERAL SURVEYING, refinement of borders of landholdings of landowners, communities of state peasants, etc. in Russian empire in it 1766-grey. 19 century. Has strengthened a landholding of noblemen.

The GENERAL TARIFF AGREEMENT AND TRADE (GATT), the multilateral intergovernmental agreement, directed on drop of customs duties and other barriers in international trade. Signed 23 countries in 1947. In 1990 in GATT at miscellaneous levels participat over 150 countries.

GENERAL STAFFS, 1) in France the maximum soslovno-representation establishment in 1302-1789, comprising of deputies of clergy, nobility and 3-rd estate. Were convoked by kings primarily for obtaining from them the consent to collection of taxes. Deputies of 3-rd estate of General Staffs 1789 have declared themselves National assembly. 2) In Netherlands historical (with 1463) - the maximum soslovno-representation establishment, in the modern Netherlands - parliament.

GENERAL (from an armour. generalis), main, the main, master (napr., the guideline of development); general, overall, native born.

The GENERAL RULES, the Russian act, the charter of state civil service in 18-íà÷.-19 Is issued by Peter I in 1720 centuries. Established responsibilities of officials of boards, the order of discussion of businesses in them.