GENTIAN, the decorative kinds of a gentian.

GENSHER (Genscher) Hans Ditrih (r. 1927), the vice-chancellor and Minister for Foreign Affairs in coalition governments of Germany in 1974-92, the chairman of Loose democratic party (SvDP) in 1974-85. In 1968-74 vice-president SvDp, in 1969-74 Minister of Internal Affairs of Germany.

GEO... (from grech. ge - the Earth), the part of the composite words meaning: relating the Earth, to its study (napr., geology).

GEOACOUSTICS (from geo... And soundman), is studied with distribution of elastic waves to earth crust with a view of probe of its structure and properties (acoustic and a seismic survey, etc.).

GEOANTICLINE (from geo..., anti... And grech. klino - I cant), raising (length up to hundreds kilometres and width up to several tens kilometres) earth crust within the limits of geosynclinal system. Examples of geoanticlines: Ural, Central Kazakhstan, island volcanic or not volcanic arches.

GEOBOTANY (from geo... And botany), science about a plant cover of the Earth. The majority of the Soviet scientists actuates phytocenology and plant geography in a geobotany. Sometimes a synonym of phytocenology.

GEOBOTANICAL MAPS (vegetation map), map typological subdividings vegetation (association, association group, a formation) and their regional combinations (complexes, combinations, numbers).

The GEOGRAPHER the BAY (Geographe Bay) Indian ok., for a southwest coast of Australia. Length of 65 kms, depth up to 27 m. Ports: Banberi, Basselton.

GEOGRAPHY the INSTITUTE of Russian Academy of Science (IGRAN), is based in 1918 as a department of the Commission on study of natural productive forces in Petrograd; about 1930 Geomorphological institute. With 1934 in Moscow. Development of theoretical problems of physical and socio economic geography, harmonious exploitation, the geographycal bases of the strategy ecologically safe development of country.

GEOGRAPHY the INSTITUTE of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Science, is based in 1957 in Irkutsk (in 1969-83 - Institute of geography of Siberia and the Far East). Development of theoretical and practical problems of study of a geographic situation of eastern areas of country.

GEOGRAPHY the INSTITUTE PACIFIC Far East branch of the Russian Academy of Science, is based in 1970 in Vladivostok. Study of resource coverage of Far East locale, including problems of economic assimilation of marine aquatories; problems of harmonious exploitation, conversion of territorial-production structures of an economy of areas of the Far East during an introduction of market relations.

GEOGRAPHICAL ENVELOPE of the Earth (landscape environment), orb of an interpenetration and interaction of a lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and ecumene. Has the composite regional differentiation. Vertical power of a geographical envelope tens kilometres. The wholeness of a geographical envelope is determined continuous energo-both mass transfer between a land and an atmosphere, World ok. And organisms. Natural processes in a geographical envelope implement at the expense of a radiant energy of the Sun and an internal energy of the Earth. Within the limits of a geographical envelope has arisen and the mankind scooping from an environment resources for the existence and influencing it develops.

The GEOGRAPHYCAL BASIS of MAPS, obshchegeograficheskie elements of the theme map, not included in its special content both facilitating antenna pointing and explanation of regularities of disposition of the phenomena relating subjects of a map.

GEOGRAPHYCAL PATHOLOGY, range of medicine and the biology, investigator features of different diseases, the bound with aboriginal natural environments, and with reference to the person - and with a mode of life of the population and social factors.

GEOGRAPHICAL GRATICULE, set of line of longitudes and parallelej on theoretically designed surface of an earth ellipsoid, a sphere or on a terrestrial globe.

GEOGRAPHIC SITUATION, earth surrounding of a human society, part of a geographical envelope, live in an orb of human activity and component a necessary condition of existence of a society. The geographic situation renders the considerable influence on development of a society. In accordance with technological advance the geographic situation is more and more used by people that is acute puts problems of interaction of a nature and a society, nature protection.

GEOGRAPHYCAL SCHOOL, direction in the sociology, construing a geographic situation (a climate, the rivers, soil, etc.) as a determinant factor of development of a society (S.Monteskje, G.T.Bokl, german geographer F.Rattsel, Russian sociologist L.I.Mechnikov). To voluntarist and theological concepts contrasted a geographycal determinism. See. Geopolitics.

GEOGRAPHICAL MAPS, the maps of a surface showing disposition, condition and communications of the different natural and public phenomena, their time histories, development and conveyances. Are sectioned on territorial scope (world, mainlands, the states, etc.), under the content (obshchegeograficheskie and theme), on a scale - it is large (1:200 000 and is larger), sredne-(from 1:200 000 and up to 1:1 000000 inclusively) and small-scale (more finely 1:1 000000), and also as required (reference, educational, tourist) and to other attributes.

GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES, latitude and longitude, locate a point above ground. A geographic latitude? - an angle between a plumming line in the given point and an equatorial plane, read out from 0 up to 90 ° in both parties from equator. Geographical longitude? - an angle between a meridian plane, passing through the given point, and a plane of the beginning of a line of longitude (see. Greenwich meridian). Longitude from 0 up to 180 ° to the orient from the beginning of a line of longitude call eastern, to the west - western.

GEOGRAPHYCAL DETERMINISM, the geographycal and sociological concept meaning mutuality between a society and a geographic situation. The term " the geographycal determinism " is meant sometimes with the concepts attaching to geographical factors a main role.