"GERCULES", motor - sailing seal-catching schooner (Russia). It is constructed in 1908. A vessel of expedition of V.A.Rusanov (1912), trying to pass Boreal shipping lane from Barentseva in Beringovo m. Expedition was missing. The destiny of a vessel has remained obscure.

HERCULEAN COLUMNS (armour)., Piles Gerakla (grech)., Piles Melkarta (finikijsk)., the ancient title of the Gibraltar prol. In the Grecian mythology the columns put Geraklom on an edge of the world in memory of the journeys. In miscellaneous time were attached a code to with rocks on the far banks Gibraltar or Messenskogo channels. Figuratively - an edge of light, a limit of the world; " to reach Pillars of Hercules " - to reach a limit.

GERLAHOVSKI-SHTIT (Gerlachovsky stit), top in Czechoslovakia, in High Tatra, the highest in country and in all system of Carpathian mountains (2655 ì).

GERLITS, city in Germany, ground Saxony, on r. Naas. 71,4 thousand inhabitants (1991). A machine industry, cloth, sewing, a food-processing industry. A town hall (16 century).

GERLSKAUT (from English girl - the girl and scout - the scout), see in an item. Skautizm.

GERMA (grech. hermes), in Other. Greeces originally a cult numeral of the god of Hermes by the way a treated trunk or a stone with a head of the god; the phallus was especially emphasized. Germy were established on roads from Athenes with the indicating of distances and popular maxims. Since 5 century up to n. e. Occur germy with portraits of known political figures, poets and philosophers (often meet germy double portraits).

HERMANN I (mind. ok. 733), patriarch Konstantinopolsky in 715-730, the defence attorney ikonopochitanija. The writer of explanation influential in Eastern church on a liturgy (" the Legend on Church and consideration of ordinances "). Memory on May, 12.

HERMANN Alexander Petrovich (1874-1953), the Russian scientist, academician AN the USSR (1939). The founder of dynamics of a shaft hoisting. Transactionses on rotodynamic machines.

HERMANN Alexey Georgievich (r. 1938), the Russian film director, the honored worker of arts of Russia (1988). Son J.P.Germana. Films: " Twenty days without war " (1977), " Wash the friend Ivan Lapshin " (1984), " Check on roads " (1986). The state premium of the USSR (1988).

HERMANN (German) Anna (1936-82), the Polish variety singer. In repertoir of product of Polish, Soviet composers, Russian national songs.

HERMANN Joseph Rudolf (Hans Rudolf) (1805-79), the Russian chemist and mineralog, corresponding member Petersburg AN (1831). By origin the German, with 1827 - in Russia. The main transactionses on chemistry and mineralogy of infrequent elements. Has described ilmenskie zircons and has developed a way of obtaining of oxide of zirconium. Has discovered (1836) and probeed minerals an iritis and osmit. Has constituted and has published (1859) first-ever report of uranic minerals.

HERMANN Kazan and Svijazhsky (in the world boyar Grigory Polevoj) (mind. 1567), founder Svijazhskogo Uspenskogo of a monastery (1555), archbishop Kazan (1564-1566.) has been called to Moscow by Ivan Terrible for election in metropolitans, but subject an opal for criticism oprichniny. Memory in the Orthodox church on September, 25 (on October, 8) and on November, 6 (19).

HERMANN Kesarijsky (Palestinian) (mind. 308), the Christian martyr damaged in persecution of emperor Maksimiana Galerija. Memory in the Orthodox church on November, 13 (26).

HERMANN (Hermann) Ludimar (1838-1914), the german physiologist. Has offered the bioelectric theory of a nerve conduction. Experimentally has defined rate of propagation of exaltation on a muscle.

HERMANN (Herrmann) Maks (1865-1942), the german historian of theatre and the literature. The founder of the modern german theater science. Transactionses on a history of german theatre. Has perished in fascist concentration camp.

HERMANN Solovetsky (mind. 1479), the hermit on river Vyge, in 1429 together with Saint Savvatiem has based on Solovkah Solovetsky the Preobrazhenskiy monastery. Memory in the Orthodox church on July, 30 (on August, 12).

HERMANN Uglichsky (mind. 1609), prepodobnomuchenik, perished at ruin of Uglich by Poles in Vague time. Memory in the Orthodox church on May, 23 (on June, 5) (a cathedral Rostovo-Yaroslavl sacred).

HERMANN (Hermann) JAkob (1678-1733), mathematician, one of the first academicians (1725) and the foreign honorary member (1731) Petersburg AN. By origin the Swiss. Transactionses on geometry and a calculus.

GERMANATES, salt germanic acids - H2GeO3, H4GeO4 and other, not discharged in a free state, napr., germanate of natrium Na2GeO3. Germanates - components of luminophores, materials in akusto-and optoelectron devices; are used for obtaining germanic glasses.