GERD Alexander Jakovlevich (1841-88), the Russian teacher, the founder of an evoljutsionno-biological direction in teaching natural sciences. Tutorials on natural sciences and transactionses on a technique of his teaching in initial and high schools.

GERDER (Herder) Iogann Gottfried (1744-1803), the german philosopher, the critic, aesthetics. In 1764-69 pastor in Riga, with 1776 - in Weimar, the theorist " Storms and a rush ", friend I.V.Gete. Preached national originality of art, asserted historical originality and an equivalence of different epoch of crop and poetry. The tract about an origin of tongue, the composition on philosophy of a history which, on Gerderu, is implementation of "humanity". Collected and transferred national songs. Has exerted influence german romanticism.

GERDT Zinovy Efimovich (1916-96), the Russian actor, the national actor of the USSR (1990). In 1945-82 at Central theatre of dolls (a role of the Compere in " the Unusual concert ", 1946, 1968, etc.). With 1987 on 92 in Moskovsk theatre him. M.N.Ermolovoj (about 1990 Moscow international theatrical centre him. Ermolovoj). Distinguishing, predominary comedy actor. The game was distinguished with sad humour, combination of irony, even scepticism, with the thin lyrics. It was taken out in films: "Conjurer" (1966), " the Golden calf " (1968), " the Automobile, a violin and a dog the Blot " (1975), " a non-transferable Key " (1977), " Fairy tales... Fairy tales... Fairy tales aged Arbata " (1982), etc.

GEREVICH (Gerevich) Aladar (1910-91), the Hungarian sportsman (fencing). The champion of Olympic Games (1932, 1936, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960), the repeated world champion and Europe (in 1931-58) in personal and command competitions.

GERENUK (zhirafovaja a gazelle), a cloven-hoofed animal of a set polorogih. Length of a body up to 1,6 m. For samtsov liroobrazno curved horns. In desert terrains Vost. Africa.

GERERO (ovagerero), people of group to a bow in Namibia (200 thousand person), Angola, Botswana and the republic of South Africa. An aggregate number of 270 thousand person (1992). On religion a part - protesters, a part save traditional convictions.

GERZEJSKAJA CROP (in archeology), epoch eneolita (4 thousand up to n. e.) in Egypt. It is called on burial Gerze (Nizh. Egypt). Settlements and burials. Irrigation agriculture, cattle breeding.

GERIATRICS (from grech. geron - the old man and iatreia - treatment), the section of clinical medicine investigator features of diseases for people of elderly both senile age and developing methods of their treatment and prophylaxis.

GERIKE (Guericke) Otto a background (1602-86), german physics. Has invented (ok. 1650) the air pump also has executed from nymas a number of experiences (including experience with " the Magdebourg hemispheres ") for an existence proof of an atmospheric pressure. Has constructed an electric machine, has found an electrical repulsion.

GERILJA (isp. guerrilla, from guerra - war), the title of guerilla warfare in Spain and Latin America.

GOERING German (1893-1946), minister for aircraft in fascist Germany. The direct organizer of a provocative arson rejhstaga in February 1933; the initiator of building of gestapo and concentration camps. On the Nuremberg process it is sentenced to the execution as one of main nazi war criminals (has committed suicide).

GOERING (Hering) (Hering) Evald (1834-1918), the german physiologist, foreign corresponding member Petersburg AN (1905). Has described reflex changes of respiration at an irritation of a vagus nerve. The writer of one of theories of a colour vision.

GERINDO (Gerindo, abbr. from Gerakan rajat Indonesia - the Indonesian national motion), the Indonesian political organization built by the left-handed nationalists and communists in 1937. Participat in the Political union of Indonesia (it dissolved by Japanese occupiers in 1942).

GERION, in the Grecian mythology trehgolovyj a giant, causing Hrisaora and Kalliroi. On about. Erifija (on a western edge of the world) possessed herd of the cows stolen for him Geraklom (one of twelve exploits of the hero). See also Orf.

HARI RUD, the title r. Tedzhen in terrain of Afghanistan and Iran.

GERITS (Goeritz) Matias (ð)., the german architect and the sculptor, the founder of the experimental architecture in Mexico. Huge exhibition compositions from welded and mechanicly coherent metal beams in style funktsionalizma (the Experimental museum Ale Eko, 1952-53).

The HERMETIC CONTACT [from ger (metizirovannyj) and kon (a timing period)], the switch with spring contacts from a ferromagnetic material, placed at a sealed glass bottle. Contact pieces work under action of an external magnetic field. It is used, napr., in the telephone and telegraphic relay assembly, in devices of computer facilities.

HERCULANEUM (Herculaneum), Roman city in Italy about the modern Naples, in part eroded and zasypan by volcanic ash at eruption of Vesuvius in 79 n. e. Residential districts, terms, theatre, a forum are dug out, etc.

GERCULES, the latin form of name Gerakla. Figuratively - the person of a huge manual power.

GERCULES (an armour. Hercules), mia maid of Boreal hemisphere; in Gercules the x-ray pulsar Her X-1 identified to optically variable star HZ Her is found. In the direction of Gercules the Solar system goes.