GERJUSY, the title of. Goris up to 1924.

GESIOD (8-7 centuries up to n. e.), first known named the ancient greek poet. In didactic epicheskoj to a poem " Transactionses and days " Gesiod slavit country transactionses, threatens pritesniteljam peasants with anger of gods; poem "Teogonija" (i.e. parentage gods) rationalistically systematizes the Grecian myths. Gesiod contrasts the poetry to the heroic epos as sober "truth" of beautiful "lie".

GESIONA, in the Grecian mythology the daughter of the Trojan tsar Laomedonta intended in a victim to a monster, opustoshavshemu country. Gerakl has killed a monster, but not having received for it of the promised award, has taken Troy and the stem of tsar (except for Priama) has exterminated. Gesionu Gerakl has returned in the wife to the Telamon to which she has given rise Tevkra.

GESNER (Gesner) Konrad (1516-65), the Swiss scientist, the bibliographer. The writer of the zoological encyclopedia " the History animal " (t. 1-5, 1551-87) and first university library transactionses " the Overall library " (t. 1-3, 1545-55) - descriptions of 15 thousand books of latin, Grecian and jewish writers.

GESPER, in the Grecian mythology the godhood of a vesper aster, father Keika, Gesperid, the son or the brother Atlanta. Gesper - one of nicknames of a planet of Venus, morning and which vesper rises in an antiquity were considered as glowing of miscellaneous asters. In Roman mythology - Vesper.

GESPERIDY, in the Grecian mythology of the daughter Atlanta (on other sources - Gespera), living in fantastic to a garden where the apple tree bringing golden fruits grew. Abduction of apples from garden Gesperid protected stoglavym by a dragon, - one of exploits Gerakla.

GESPERORNIS, extinct zubastaja a bird. Cable cores in a Cretaceous, in the Sowing. To America. An altitude more than 1 m. Adapted to life on water (well floated and dived); did not fly.

HESS of CENTURY. Ð., see Hess V.R.

HESS (Hess) Victor Frants (1883-1964), Austrian physics, with 1938 in the USA. Has discovered (1912) ultrarays. The Nobel Prize (1936).

HESS Hermann Ivanovich (1802-50), the Russian chemist, one of founders of thermochemistry, the academician Petersburg AN (1830). Has discovered (1840) law called as his name. Probeed catalytic properties of platinum, structure of the Caucasian petroleum. Has discovered saccharic acid.

HESS (Hess) Rudolf (1894-1987), personal secretary Gitlera with 1925, with 1933 his deputy on a consignment. In 1941 has arrived to the Great Britain (t. n. Mission of Hess) with the proposal of the world; has been interned. On the Nuremberg process it is sentenced to imprisonment for life as one of main nazi war criminals.

HESS the LAW: heat effect of a chemical change for want of activity of external forces depends only by nature mother substances and reaction product and does not depend on intermediate chemical transfomations in system. The fundamental law of thermochemistry; G.I.Gessom in 1840 is established.

HESS (Hesse) (Hesse) Hermann (1877-1962), the german writer. From 1912 cable cores in Switzerland. Comprehension of an inner life of the personality, perpetually tendency of the person to self-improvement and victory above the "animal" beginning in " the novel of education " " Peter Kamentsind " (1904), the story " Under sprockets " (1906), the novel " the Steppe wolf " (1927). A problem drama neslijannosti and indivisibilities of creative spirit and vain life - in the intelligently - philosophical novel " the Game in a bead " (1943). The Nobel Prize (1946).

GIESSEN (Hessen), ground in Germany. 21,1 thousand êì2. The population 5,84 million person (1992). Adm. ts. - Wiesbaden.

GIESSEN Boris Mihajlovich (1883-1936), the Russian philosopher, corresponding member AN the USSR (1933). The main transactionses on philosophical problems of physics, in particular a quantum mechanics and a relativity theory. It is repressed; it is rehabilitated posthumously.

GIESSEN Joseph Vladimirovich (1866-1943), one of leaders of cadets, the attorney and the publicist. The deputy of 2-nd State Duma. The editor of the newspaper "Speech". Beloemigrant. With 1921 emitted " Archive of Russian revolution ".

HESSIAN FLY, a hexapod of a set gallits; the pest of small crops in Eurasia and the Sowing. To America. Dark grey or brown, length of 2,5-3,5 mm. Eats (larvas) juice of stalks.

GESSNER (Gessner) Solomon (1730-88), the Swiss artist and the writer. Wrote in German. The writer of prosaic "Idylls" (t. 1-2, 1756-1772, with drawings of the writer).

GESTAGENY, see in an item. Progesteronum.

GESTAPO (a nem. Gestapo, abbr. from Geheime Staatspolizei), secret state police in fascist Germany. It is built in 1933. Conducted a mass terror in Germany and behind its limits. International military tribunal in Nuremberg it adjudicated by criminal organization.