GERTSEN Peter Aleksandrovich (1871-1947), the Russian surgeon, one of founders of a domestic clinical oncology, the creator of scientific school, corresponding member AN the USSR (1939). Grandson A.I.Gertsena. Has developed and for the first time (1907) has made the operation of building of a synthetic esophagus from a small intestine.

GERTSENA - OGARYOV the CIRCLE of students of the Moscow university in 1831-1834. Has arisen under influence of motion of decembrists. 11 person (N.I.Sazonov, N.M.Satin, A.N.Savich, V.V.Passek, etc.). Study of political doctrines, Utopian socialism. Plans of broad revolutionary propagation. It is routed by police. Participants are deported in the distant provinces under police supervision.

GERTSINSKAJA the RIPPLE MARK (varistsijskaja a ripple mark, varisskaja a ripple mark), era tektogeneza serotinal Paleozoic within the limits of geosynclinal ranges which developed in early and mean Paleozoic. In outcome Gertsinskoj of a ripple mark there were wrinkled structures Zap. Europe (t. n. Gertsinskaja Europe), Ural, Tjan-SHanja, Altai, Kunlunja, etc.

DUKE Haim (1918-97), the president of Israel in 1983-93. In 1975-78 chief negotiator of Israel in the United Nations.

DUKE (Hertsog) (Hertzog) James (1866-1942), the prime minister of the Southern - African Soyuz in 1924-39. Pursued a policy the racial discrimination. In 1939 has acted against sharing in war with Germany.

DUKE (a nem. Herzog), for ancient germen the military leader of nation; in Middle Ages in Zap. To Europe large feudal vladetel, from the extremity of Middle Ages - one of the maximum nobiliary titles.

GERTSSHPRUNG (Hertsshprung) (Hertzsprung) Ejnar (1873-1967), the astronomer. Was born in Denmark, worked in Germany and Netherlands. Has entered division of asters into jumboes and dwarfs (1905-1907). For the first time has published the diagram " Stellar magnitude - a parameter of colour for asters of clumps of the Pleiad and Giady " (1911).

GERTSSHPRUNGA - RESSELLA the DIAGRAM, expresses communication between a luminosity and temperature (a spectral class or a parameter of colour) asters. On Gertsshprunga - Ressella to the diagram close asters on physical properties take the isolated ranges: main sequence of asters, sequences of supergiants, bright and weak jumboes, subgiants, subdwarfs, white dwarfs, etc.

GERSH Seeds JAkovlevich (1888-1953), the Russian engineer in range of cryogenic engineering. Transactionses are connected to development of machines and installations for deep chilling and division of gases. Supervised in 1932-34 activities on building the first oxigen plant in the USSR. Has offered a number of new cycles of deep chilling (" cycles Gersha "). The writer fundamental transactionses "Deep chilling" (ò.1-2, 1936-37). The state premium of the USSR (1947).

GERSHWIN (Gershwin) George (1898-1937), the American composer. Used elements of a jazz and the afro-American musical folklore. Opera " Porgi and Bess " (1935), " the Rhapsody in bljuzovyh tints " (1924) for a piano with an orchestra, musicals, songs.

GERSHEL (Herschel), the English astronomers, father and the son, 1) William (Fridrih Wilhelm) (1738-1822), the founder of sidereal astronomy, the foreign honorary member Petersburg AN (1789). With the help of the telescopes made by him effected regular reviews of the sidereal root, probeed sidereal clumps, double star, nebulosity. Has constructed the first model of the Galaxy, has placed motion of the Sun in the space, has discovered Uranus (1781), it 2 guides (1787) and 2 guides of Saturn (1789.2) the John Frederik William (1792-1871), the foreign honorary member Petersburg AN (1826). Effected supervision of a rule and luster of asters of the Austral root, probeed double star, has constituted the check list of fogs and sidereal clumps (1864). One of pioneers of astrophotometry.

GERSHENZON Mihail Osipovich (1869-1925), the Russian historian of the literature and public idea. Was close to neoslavjanofilam, to " Russian religious Renaissance ". The participant of the collection of "Stake". In transactionses about P.J.Chaadaeve, about " griboedovskoj to Moscow ", about Westerners and Slavophiles, about A.S.Pushkin and I.S.Turgeneve has entered into scientific custom a valuable material.

GERSHENZON Sergey Mihajlovich (r. 1906), Russian genetics, academician AN of Ukraine (1976), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1990). Son M.O.Gershenzon. The main transactionses in range of population and molecular genetics. Probeed mechanisms of hereditary variability in natural populations. Has found and has studied mutagenous action of natural and synthetic nucleic acids.

GERSHTEJN Seeds Solomonovich (r. 1929), the Russian physics - theorist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1984). Transactionses on an elementary particle physics. Together with J.B.Zeldovich has placed conservation law of a vectorial current in weak coupling, high limit of mass of a muonic neutrino. Has advanced the theory mezomolekuljarnyh the phenomena.

GERSHTEJN Emma Grigorjevna (r. 1903), the Russian literary critic. Books: " Lermontov Destiny " (1964), " the Hero of our time " M.J.Lermontov " (1976).

GERSHUN Andrey Aleksandrovich (1903-52), Russian physics, Dr.Sci.Tech. (1933). One of founders domestic hydroopticians. The main transactionses on physical optician, a theoretical photometry and lighting engineering. The state premium of the USSR (1942).

GERSHUNI Grigory Andreevich (1870-1908), one of organizers and leaders of a consignment eserov, the chapter of its Battle organization, supervised over a number of terroristic acts. In 1904-06 on penal servitude, with 1906 in emigration. Memories " From recent past " (1907).

GERSHUNI Grigory Viktorovich (1905-92), the Russian physiologist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1964). The main transactionses on a bioacoustics and physiologies of ear, temporarily - regional organization of acoustical system.

GERYMSKIE (Gierymscy), Polish painters, representatives of democratic realism, brothers, 1) Maksymilian (1846-74) - lyrical and thin patterns on supervision (" the Insurgent patrol ", ok. 1873). 2) Alexander (1850-1901) - the patterns of life of city executed to the inclement truth (" Workers of a sand pit ", 1887). In nach. 1880th has come to impressionism.

GERE Vladimir Ivanovich (1837-1919), the Russian historian. The organizer and the chief (1872-1905) Maximum women courses in Moscow. The writer of compositions on Great French revolution, about medieval figures of a latin church; lectures on an overall history; points on education.