GIZO (Guizot) Francois (1787-1874), the French historian, with 1847 head of government, svergnutogo Revolution 1848. Actually with 1840 supervised over all policy of the July monarchy. Transactionses predominary on a history of France.

GIZAS (Guise), the French aristocratic stem, a lateral branch of the Lotharingian ducal house. Main representatives: Francois Giz (1519-63) - has become famous for the defence of a Metz from a troops of emperor Charles V (1552), taking for Englishmen of Calais (1558), in an incipient period of Religious wars commanded a troops of roman catholics; Genrih Giza (1550-88), son Francois Giza, - one of organizers Varfolomeevskoj of night (1572), the chapter of the Roman catholic league, aspiring to depose Genriha III and to transmit a holy table to Giza. Has been killed under order Genriha III.

GIJMEN (Gillemen) (Guillemin) to the Erysipelas (r. 1924), the French physiologist. With 1953 in the USA. The main transactionses on secretion, making out of chemical structure and a biological potency of subthalamic rilizing-hormones. The Nobel Prize (1977, together with E.V.Shalli).

HICKORY, the same, that a hickory.

GIKSOSY, nomadic Asian nations, ok 1700 up to n. e. Seized Egypt. Having lodged in Delta, giksosy have based the capital Avaris. In nach. 16 century up to n. e. Domination giksosov has been liquidated by Egyptians.

GILAN Nikopolsky (Armenian) (mind. ok. 319), one of a magpie of five Christian martyrs damaged in Nikopol Armenian in the persecution of emperor Litsinija. Memory in the Orthodox church on July, 10 (23).

GILAS, in the Grecian mythology young man - oruzhenosets Gerakla and his guide in a marching of argonauts. In a lay time of the Slang for coasts Misii, impressed on the nymphs which have fallen in love in him on a bottom of a source. Gerakl, having abandoned argonauts, has departed on searches Gilasa.

GILBERT (Gilbert) (r. 1943) And GEORGE (George) (r. 1942), the English artists who have constituted peculiar creative "besfamilnyj" a tandem. Belong to figure of the famous avant-gardists of the last decades. From the extremity of 1960th worked in a manner bodi-arta, demonstrating itself to the public by the way " alive sculptures ", parodying appearance of " a mean Englishman ". Went to a photo - artu, creating compositions on themes of an authority, violence and love, close on spirit to video clips later.

GILBERT (Gilbert) Uolter (r. 1932), American biophysics. Activities on methods of establishment of primary structure DNK, the proteins regulating activity of genes. Has executed cloning of the gene ciphering synthesis of an insulin and his introduction in a genome of bacteria. The Nobel Prize (1980, together with F.Sengerom).

GILBERT of the ISLAND (Gilbert Islands), group of 16 coral atolls in a western part Quiet ok., in Micronesia. Is part of the state Kiribati. The area 264 êì2. The population ok. 52 thousand person (1980). On an atoll Tarawa-. Bairiki, capital of the state. Are called named English seafarer T.Gilbert.

GILGIT, the river in a north of India, in Kashmir, dextral in-leak of Indus. Ok. 450 kms, the area of basin of 26 thousand êì2. Weeps in spurs of a mountain of Hindu Kush and Karakoruma. Porozhista, it is non-navigable.

GILGUD (Gielgud) John Arthur (r. 1904), the English actor, the producer. With 1921 at theatres " Old Vicks ", Shakespearian memorial, etc. Popularity has received in productions of plays of U.Shakespeare, A.P.Chehova. Traditional methods of the English theatrics combines with K.S.Stanislavsky system components. It was taken out in films: " Assassination in eastern express train ", "agency of Providence", "Conductor", "Gundy", etc.

GILEVICH Nile Semenovich (r. 1931), the Byelorussian poet, the literary critic. Collections of lyrical verses " Foliage of a plantain " (1968), " Where that krinichenka " (1972), "Octaves" (1976), " Wash white day " (1980), the collection of plays " the Lodging for the night in a nest of a stork " (1980). Transactionses on a history of the Byelorussian poetry, folklore.

GILELS Emil Grigorjevich (1916-85), the Russian pianist, the national actor of the USSR (1954), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1976.) 1-n the premium at International competition of pianists of a name of E.Izai (Brussels, 1938), 2-n the premium at International competition of pianists (Vienna, 1936). The professor of the Moscow conservatory (with 1952). The lenin premium (1962), the State premium of the USSR (1946).

GILEMORFIZM (from grech. hyle - a matter and morphe - the form), the term which has arisen in kon. 19 century for notation going back to Aristotelju doctrines about the form and matters as philosophy of life.

GILENSON Boris Alekseevich (r. 1932), the Russian literary critic. The main orb of interests - the American literature of 19-20 centuries, the Russian-American literary communications. Books: " October in the literature the USA, 1917-1920 " (1968), " America Sinclair Ljuisa " (1972), " the American literature of 30th of XX century " (1974), " In searches of "other" America. From a history of the incentive literature the USA " (1987), etc.

HYLEA (from grech. hyle - a wood), ever-green forests of humid tropics. Differ density, a multi-stage arrangement; it is a lot of plants of sets of a pineappele family, aroidnyh, kinds of lianes. Are distributed in Center. And JUzh. To America, Center. To Africa and JUgo-Vost. Asia. Hyleas are reduced under plantations of a quinic and coffee tree, a coconut palm, rubber plants.

GILMAN (Gilman) Alfred (r. 1941), the American pharmacologist. Has placed together with M.Rodbellom the molecular mechanism of a communication of information in an organism - between cells and inside cells. As together with M.Rodbellom has discovered the proteins - intermediarys connecting guanozintrifosfat (t. n. G-proteins), also has straightened out their role in molecular mechanisms of originating of some communicable diseases (a cholera, kokljush, etc.). The Nobel Prize (1994, together with M.Rodbellom).