HETEROLYTIC REACTIONS (from getero... And grech. lysis - decomposition, disintegration), the chemical changes weeping without division of an electronic pair (it designated by two points), executing a chemical bond, - À:Â? And + +:Â-. Are sectioned on nucleophilic and electrophilic reactions.

GETERONOMIJA (from getero... And grech. nomos - the law), stranger regularity, opredeljaemost any the phenomena external laws alien to him. Contrast geteronomii - an autonomy.

GETERONOMNAJA ETHICS, see in an item. Ethics.

HETEROJUNCTION, contact piece between two miscellaneous semiconductors on chemical composition. Heterojunctions can be anizotipnymi (p - n-heterojunctions) or izotipnymi (p - p-heterojunctions, n - n-heterojunctions). Transistors, thyristors, semiconductor lasers on heterojunctions have high performances.

GETEROPOLISOEDINENIJA, complexes which molecules contain different acid residues, the bound through atom About, napr., H8 [Si (W2O7) 6]. Are applied in a chemical analysis, to secretion of antibiotics, and also as catalysts.

HETEROSTYLY (from getero... And grech. stylos - a pile) (raznostolbchatost), different length of styles (for it is pistillate) in flowers of the miscellaneous plants relating the same kind (napr., for a primrose). The adaptation of plants with bisexual flowers to an allogamy.

HETEROSTRUCTURE, the combination of several heterojunctions used in semiconductor lasers, light emitting diodes, etc.

HETEROTHALLISM (from getero... And grech. thallos - a branch), razdelnopolost for many mushrooms and some algae. At a heterothallism of an individual of a different floor outwardly are indiscernible.

GETEROTERMNYE ANIMAL (from getero... And grech. therme - it is warm), group gomojotermnyh animal for which the seasons of a stationary value of a heat of a body are replaced by the seasons of its kickdown, napr., at a lockin in hibernation for dormouses, marmot badgers, susliks, etc.

HETEROTROPHS (from getero... And grech. trophe - nutrition) (heterotrophic organisms), use ready organic substances for the feed. All animal, some plants, the majority of bacteria, mushrooms concern to heterotrophs the person. Compare. Autotrophic plants.

GETEROFILLIJA (from getero... And grech. phyllon - a leaf) (raznolistnost), availability of leaves of the different form on one plant, napr., for an arrowhead, a mulberry tree and mn. Other.

GETEROFONIJA (from getero... And grech. phone - a note), the most ancient musical warehouse, intermediate between one and polyphony. Represents simultaneous sounding versions of one melody. It is saved in archaic layers of folklore of miscellaneous peoples and partly in podgolosochnoj polyphonies. Geterofonii some phenomena in music 20 century (I.F.Stravinsky) are close.

HETEROCHROMATIN, the substance of chromosomes keeping compact (spiralizovannuju) structure at all stages of a cell-like cycle. Function of a heterochromatin is not absolutely clear. Compare. An euchromatin.

HETEROGENEOUS RING COMPOUNDS, the organic compounds keeping in a molecule a cycle which structure alongside with atoms of carbon includes atoms of other elements, more often nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur (t. n. Heteroatoms). Natural heterogeneous ring compounds, napr., chlorophyll, a haem, play the important role in vital activity of vegetative and animal organisms. Many heterogeneous ring compounds receive synthetic methods. Some heterogeneous ring compounds, napr., pyridine, quinoline, thiophene, furan, have an aromatic properties (t. n. geteroaromaticheskie connections).

PERTINAX, laminated plastic on the basis of a paper, impregnated thermosetting synthetic resin. It is issued by the way leafs and cylindrical preparations. Differs high mechanic and electrical-insulating properties. It is applied in manufacture of transformers, earphones, component parts of radio equipment, etc.; the decorative pertinax - for an encasing of furniture, interiors of courts, etc.

GOETHITE, mineral of subclass of oxyhydroxides? - FeOOH. routinely groundy units. Darkly or reddish - brown. Hardness 5-5,5; firmness of 4,0-4,3 g / sm3. Sedimental or a decay product of ferruginous minerals. Ore Fe (a main component of a lemonite in deposits of brown ore).

The HETMAN (polsk. hetman, from a nem. Hauptmann - the chief), 1) on Ukraine in 16 - 1-st floor. 17 centuries the chapter of register cossacks, with 1648 governor of Ukraine and the chapter cossack a troops; the chief of some krestjansko-cossack revolts. With 1657 existed the hetman Right-bank (up to 1704) and the hetman of Left-bank Ukraine. With 1708 it was nominated as imperial government. In 1722-27 and 1734-50 hetmen were not nominated, and in 1764 are abolished. 2) In Poland in 15-16 centuries commanding a mercenaries, in 16-18 centuries all army; with 1539 was on 2 hetmen in Poland and Lithuania (great corona and his deputy - polnyj the hetman).

GETMANSHCHINA, 1) the semiofficial title of Left-bank Ukraine with Kiev in structure of Russia in 1667-1764; it was steered by the hetman; used an autonomy. 2) the Title of an authority of hetm P.P.Skoropadskogo on Ukraine in April - December 1918.

GETNER (Hetner) (Hettner) Alfred (1859-1941), the german geographer. Transactionses on regional geography, histories and methodologies of geography; attributed geography to regional ("horologicheskim") to sciences, a primal problem saw in study of disposition of geographycal objects.

GAITERS (frants. guetres), a sleeving without a foot, coating legs from a foot up to elbows.