HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES (Bytom), city in Poland, in Verhnesilezskoj agglomerations. 222 thousand inhabitants (1990). The Ugolno-metallurgical centre.

BYHOV, city in Belarus, the Mogilyov region, landing stage on Dnepr. A depot. 22,0 thousand inhabitants (1991). A flax primary treating plant, a food-processing industry, furniture factory. It is known from 14 century.

BYKHOVSKY Bernard Emmanuilovich (1901-80), the Russian philosopher, the Doctor of Philosophy, the professor. The main transactionses on dialectic materialism, a history of foreign philosophy. The state premium of the USSR (1943).

BYKHOVSKY Boris Evseevich (1908-74), the Russian parasitologist, academician AN the USSR (1964). Transactionses on parasitology, a taxonomist and filogenii monogenej and other groups of plathelminths, their ecology (factors of formation parazitofauny fishes).

BYHOVTSA the ANNALS, the chronicle of the Great principality Lithuanian up to 1506. It is constituted in it is grey. 16 century in the Byelorussian tongue. The important source on a history of Belarus, Lithuania, Ukraine, Russia. It is called named the master - landowner I.Byhovtsa.

GOBIES, set of fishes of order okuneobraznyh. Length 10-35 (sometimes up to 50) see. Ok. 600 kinds, in coastal parts of seas of tropical and moderate latitudes, in saltish and fresh waters. Ok. 50 kinds in Black, Azov, Caspian and Japanese seas. Object of a craft.

GOBIES Afanasy Fedorovich (1818-99), the Russian historian, arheograf, the academician Petersburg AN (1869). Chairman Arheograficheskoj of a commission. Transactionses on a history of the Russian literature and tongue, numismatics, archeology. Publications " Letters and papers Peter the Great ", annals.

GOBIES Ivan Afanasjevich (1858-1944), the Russian historian, arheograf, the bibliographer, corresponding member AN the USSR (1925; corresponding member Petersburg AN with 1903, corresponding member Russian AN with 1917). Son A.F.Bychkova. Has published the description of papers of Peter I, materials on a history of Russia of 19 century.

The BOVINE ROCK (Byci skala), a cave in Moravia where (1872) burial of the Celtic leader with 40 killed slaves is open, a chariot, the weapons, a copper figurine of the bull.

BENNALE (biennial) (ital. biennale - biennial), spent for a number of countries of times in two years of an exhibition, film festivals (napr., in Venice) and t. p..

BERKNES (Bjerknes), Norwegian geophysics, father and the son: 1) Wilhelm Friman Koren (1862-1951) - the founder "bergenskoj" (frontologicheskoj) scientific school in meteorology. The writer of the theorem of speedup of circulation in a liquid or gas, a wave theory of cyclones. Has developed dynamic methods of weather forecasting. Has based a weather service in Norway (1917...2) JAkob (1897-1975) - one of founders of the doctrine about atmospheric fronts. Transactionses on evolution of cyclones and their roles in general atmosphere circulation, a problem of influence of ocean on atmospheric processes, etc.

BERNSON (Bjornson) Bjernstjerne Martinius (1832-1910), the Norwegian writer, the public and theatrical figure. The founder of the Norwegian national dramatic art. The story from country life " Sjunneve Sulbakken " (1857); national - historical dramas " Between battles " (1858), " Sigurd Malicious " (1862), social - critical dramas "Bankruptcy" (1875), " From above our forces " (hours 1-2, 1883-95), verses, including a national hymn of Norway. The Nobel Prize (1903).

BERNSSON (Bjornsson) Svejn (1881-1952), 1-st president of independent Iceland with 1944.

The POOL (frants. bief), the part of a water reservoir, the river, the channel, located adrift is higher than the hydrostatic pressure structure (a dam, a sluice), t. n. The headwater, or is lower than him - a downstream pool.

BOJ KASARES (Bioy Casares) Adolfo (r. 1914), the Argentina writer. Fancy novels " Invention Morelja " (1940), " the Plan of escape behavior " (1945), " Dream of heroes " (1954). Stories (including in the co-authorship with H.L.Borches): collections " the Diary of dirty war " (1969), " the Hero of women " (1978).

BUCHANAN (Grandee - bass) (Buchanan; Grand Bassa), city and a port in Liberia, an administrative centre of county of the Grandee - bass. 24 thousand inhabitants (1974). Manufacture of iron-ore pellets, the enterprises of a flavoring industry.

BUCHANAN James (r. 1919), the American economist. Probes in range of the finance, pricing, economic policy of the state. The Nobel Prize (1986).

BUCHANAN (Buchanan) James (1791-1868), 15-th president the USA, from Democratic party (1857-61). In 1845-49 state secretary, one of organizers of annexationist American - mexican war 1846-48. Promoted intensifying of the slaveholding South.

BUCHANAN George (1506-82), the Scottish political figure, the church reformer, the historian, the publicist. The opponent of queen Maria Stjuart. In compositions of Buchanan are reflected tiranoborcheskie ideas. A satirical poem "Dream" (1537), transfers Evripida, latin transpositions psalmov. The book " the History of the Scottish kingdom " (1582).