LOMBARDY (Lombardia), range in the Sowing. Italy. 23,8 thousand êì2. The population 8,9 million person (1990). An administrative centre - Milan. Cremona, Mantua, Milan, Pavia, Sondrio actuates provintsiii Bergamo, Bresha, Varese, Komo.

LOMBARDO (Lombardo) Pjetro (ok. 1435-1515), the architect and the sculptor, the representative of Early Revitalization to Venice. Celebratory ease, refinement, plastic oof, a mottled polychromia distinguish church Santa-mary dei Mirakoli (1481-89), finish of palace Vendramin-Kalerdzhi (1504-09).

LOMBARDO TOLEDANO (Lombardo Toledano) Visente (1894-1968), the president of the Confederated states of workers of Latin America (1938-1963), vice-president VFP (1945-65), the founder (1948) and the ideologist of Socialist people party of Mexico.

The LOMBARDO-VENETIAN KINGDOM, is derivated in 1815 under the solution of the Austrian congress 1814-15 of severo-italian ranges Lombardy and Venice; it was steered by viceroy as the Austrian possession. In 1859 Austria has deprived Lombardy, in 1866 - Venice; both ranges were included in the Italian kingdom.

LOMBARDSKAJA the LEAGUE, the union of cities of Lombardy in 12-13 centuries, built for extirpation with emperor of " Sacred Roman empire " which aspired to place the domination in lombardskih cities; as a result of the long-lived extirpation of city have defended independence.

LOWLAND LOMBARDSKAJA, part of plain Padanskoj in Lombardy, in a north of Italy. Through Lombardskuju nizm. Weeps r. On; on Lombardskoj nizm. Milan is located.

PAWNSHOPS, the credit institutions granting credits against pledge of chattels; for the first time are established in 15 century in France by usurers, natives of Lombardy.

LOMBROZO (Lombroso) CHezare (1835-1909), the italian judicial psychiatrist and the criminalist, an ancestor of an anthropological direction - lombrozianstvo - in criminology and a criminal law. Has put forward regulations about existence of special type of the person, predisposed to committing crimes by virtue of fixed. Biological characters (anthropological stigmas). The modern version lombrozianstva - different social theories of criminality which representatives, considering defining biological factors, recognize influence of a social microenvironment.

BREAKAGE, capital (with 1960) and main seaport of That in Guinean a hall. 360 thousand inhabitants (1986, with suburbs). An international airport. Alimentary, oil refining, mild, hlopkoochistitelnaja an industry. University. A national museum. It is based in kon. 19 century. Before 1-st world war an administrative centre of the German possession of That, later - an administrative centre of the French That.

LOMZHA, city on north-east of Poland, on r. Narev, administrative centre Lomzhinskogo voevodstva. 59 thousand inhabitants (1990). An alimentary, textile industry. A church of 16-17 centuries.

LOMIDZE George Iosifovich (r. 1914), the Russian literary critic, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1972). Transactionses are dedicated problems of development of the multinational literature.

LOMNITSKY (Lomnicki) Tadeush (1927-92), the Polish actor. With 1946 at kino, with 1947 at theatre (in Warsaw "Vspulchesny", "Narodovy"; " On bullock " - 1975-81 chief, etc.). In 1971-1981 rector of the Maximum theatrical school him. A.Zelverovicha (Warsaw).

LOMNITSKI-SHTIT (Lomnicky Stit), top in Tatra mountains (Zap. Carpathian mountains), in terrain Cëîâàêèè. An altitude. 2632 m. On Lomnitski-SHtit the highest meteorological observatory in Carpathian mountains.

PINCHERS Boris Fedorovich (1927-89), the Russian psychologist, corresponding member AN the USSR (1976). Activities on general, engineering and pedagogical psychology.

CLEMATIS, stem of plants of a set of a crowfoot family. Perennial grasses or xylophytes, are more often than a liane. St. 250 kinds, in moderate and a heat belts, primarily the Sowing. Hemispheres. Many are decorative.

LOMONOSOV (up to 1948 Oranienbaum), city (with 1780) in the Russian Federation, the Leningrad region, landing stage in Finnish a hall. ZH.-d. An item (Oranienbaum). 42 thousand inhabitants (1992). Litejno-mechanic factory, a software "Flag"; alimentary, a light industry. Dvortsovo-park museum - reservation. Has arisen in nach. 18 century. Dvortsovo-park band 18 century: the Major palace (1710-25, Baroque), the Upper park (1756-62) with the Chinese palace (1762-68), pavilion " Waterslide " (1762-74, a rococo). It is called named M.V.Lomonosova.

LOMONOSOV Michael Vasilyevich (1711-65), the first Russian scientist - scientist of world value, the poet who has put in pawn a fundamentals of the modern Russian literary language, the artist, the historian, the champion of development of domestic enlightenment, science and economy. Was born on November, 8 (19) in d. Denisovka (nowadays seconds. Lomonosovo) in family pomora. In 19 flying has left to study (with 1731 in Slavjano-Greco-Latin academy in Moscow, with 1735 at the Academic university in Saint Petersburg, in 1736-41 in Germany). From 1742 adjoints, with 1745 academician Petersburg AN. In 1748 has based at AN first in Russia chemical laboratory. Under the initiative of Lomonosov the Moscow university (1755) is based. Discoverings of Lomonosov have enriched many branches of knowledge. Developed atomic - molecular submissions about a structure of substance. In the season of domination of the theory teploroda asserted, that heat is stipulated by motion of corpuscles. Has formulated a principle of conservation of matter and motion. Has excluded flogiston from among chemical agents. Has put in pawn a fundamentals of a physical chemistry. Probeed atmospheric electricity and gravity. Has put forward the doctrine about colour. Has created a number of optical devices. Has discovered an atmosphere on Venus. Has described a structure of the Earth, has explained an origin of many mineral wealths and minerals. Has published a guiding on metallurgy. Emphasized importance of probe Boreal marine ways, assimilations of Siberia. Being the adherent deizma, materialistically considered natural phenomena. The writer of transactionses on Russian history, criticized normannskuju the theory. The largest Russian poet - educator of 18 century, one of founders sillabo-tonic stihoslozhenija. The creator of Russian ode of philosophical and high civil sounding. The writer of poems, poetic messages, tragedies, satyr, fundamental philological transactionses and scientific grammar of Russian. Has revived art of a mosaic and manufacture of a smalt, has created with pupils tesselated patterns. The member of the Academy of arts (1763). It is buried in Saint Petersburg in the Necropolis of 18 century.

LOMONOSOV Jury Vladimirovich (1874-1952), the Russian engineer of lines of communication, the organizer of a railway transport. In 1921 headed mission on fulfilment of orders in Sweden and Germany on steam locomotives, from abroad has not returned, cable cores in England. Supervised over building of the first main cargo gasoline locomotive.

LOMONOSOV FLOW, an equatorial subsurface counterflow in Atlantic ok. Goes to the orient on depth from 50 up to 200 m under Austral Trade current going on the west. It is called named M.V.Lomonosova.