PILOT - ASTRONAUT, 1) the Pilot - astronaut of the Russian Federation, the title of honour established in 1992.2) Pilot - astronaut of the USSR, the title of honour established in 1961 in commemoration of a maiden flight of the person in cosmos - J.A.Gagarina.

FLYING SQUIRRELS, a set of mammals of a rodentia. Are close to a set squirrel. Length of a body up to 60 sm, a tail up to 40 see. On each side bodies and between extremities - the coriaceous membrane serving for planning jumps in length up to 130-450 m. St. 30 kinds, in woods of a moderate belt the Sowing. Hemispheres and in tropics of Asia.

LEEUWARDEN (Leeuwarden), city in Netherlands, an administrative centre prov. Frislandija. 85 thousand inhabitants (1988). A machine industry, alimentary (predominary milk) industry.

LEF (the Left-handed front of arts), literary and art association, 1922-29, Moscow, Odessa and other cities (V.V.Majakovsky, N.N.Aseev, A.M.Rodchenko, close LEFu - S.M.Ejzenshtejn, Dziga Vertov, etc.). Theoretical installations LEFa (O.M.Brick, S.M.Tretjakov, V.B.Shklovsky): building of effective revolutionary art, the theory of " the social order ", a primate of " the literature of the fact " above fiction, searches of new forms of art expressiveness. Emitted log-books "LEF" (1923-25) and " New LEF " (1927-28).

LEFEVR (Lefebvre) Anri (1905-91), the French philosopher. Activities on dialectic and an aesthetics.

LEFEVR George (1874-1959), the French historian. Transactionses on a history of the French revolution kon. 18 century (primarily about a rule of village within jakobinskoj dictatorships).

LEFLER (Loffler) Fridrih August Iogann (1852-1915), the german bacteriologist, one of founders of a medical microbiology. Transactionses are dedicated study of communicable diseases. Has discovered (1882) causal organisms of a glanders. In 1884 has secured in a clean culture of the causal organism of the diphtheria discovered by E.Klebsom (diphtheritic bacillus Klebsa - Leflera). Has discovered (1891) bacteria of a murine typhus and used them for extirpation with field mice.

LEFORT Frants JAkovlevich (1655/56-99), the Russian admiral (1695). By origin the Swiss. With 1678 on Russian service. Spodvizhnik Peter I, commanded fleet in the Azov marchings. In 1697-98 one of chiefs of Great embassy.

LEFORTOVO (. Lefortovskaja a large village), historical area in Moscow, on the left-handed coast r. JAuza. Buildings Ekaterininskogo (18 century) and Lefortovskogo (17-18 centuries) palaces, 1-st in Russia military hospital, founded Peter I in 1707. Lefortovsky park. It is called named F.J.Leforta which shelves it was placed in this area.

LEHON (Lechon) JAn (an ice-film. Name Leh Serafinovich) (1899-1956), the Polish poet. Belonged to group " Ñêàìàíäð ". From 1930 cable cores in France, with 1940 in the USA where has committed suicide. The writer of books " Silver and black " (1924), " Arius with crocked eggs of hours " (1945), " Selected poems " (1954). The satirist, kupletist.

LETS (Lec) Stanislav Ezhi (1909-66), the Polish writer. The writer of satirical verses (the collection "Zoological garden", 1935), aphorisms " Not brushed ideas " (1957-59).

LECITHINES (holinfosfoglitseridy), group of the composite lipids. In living cells are part of biological membranes; especially it is a lot of lecithines in a nervous tissue. Drugs of a lecitine apply in medicine as a fortifying means at a breakdown, an anaemia, neurosises, etc.

PHYSIOTHERAPY EXERCISES (LFK), the section of medicine investigator treatment and prophylaxis of diseases by methods of physical culture (it is routine in combination to physiotherapeutic procedures and massage). The main therapeutic method - medical gymnastics (specially the fitted exercises). With the prophylactic purpose apply the hygienic gymnastics, dosed sporting exercises, games.

INVALID DIET, the same, that a dietotherapy.

LECHHUMSKY the BACKBONE, in Transcaucasia, in interfluve TShenistskali and Rioni, in Georgia. Borders on to Chapter, or Water-partite, hr. B.Kavkaza. Length ok. 60 kms, an altitude of 3562 m (. Samertshle).

LESHETITSKY (Leszetycki) Teodor (Feodor Osipovich) (1830-1915), the Polish pianist. In 1852-78 gave concerts and taught in Saint Petersburg. The creator of school fortepiannogo ispolnitelstva (among pupils - A.N.Yesipov, A.Shnabel, I.Paderevsky). Fortepiannye plays. The professor St.-Petersburg (with 1862) and Austrian (with 1878) conservatories.

LESHY (lesovik, leshak, the wood uncle, lisun), in convictions of eastern slavs spirit of the wood hostile to people.

LESHKOVSKAJA (an ice-film. fam. Ljashkovskaja) Elena Konstantinovna (1864-1925), the Russian actress, the national actress of Republic (1924). With 1888 at Small theatre. Has become history of Russian theatre as the bright performer of comedy roles. Played A.N.Ostrovsky plays much. Top of creativity - Glafira (" Wolfs and sheeps ").