VANADATES NATURAL, group of minerals, salt orthovanadic acid H3 (VO4). Ok. 50 minerals. Structures island, chain, layered. Yellow, red, burovato-red powders, scurfs, less often crystals. Hardness 1-4; firmness of 2,5-7 g / sm3. Ore of vanadium, sometimes uranium.

VANADIC ORE, main minerals: vanadinite, dekluazit, kuprodekluazit, karnotit. Deposits magmatic, kontaktovo-metasomaticheskie, hydrothermal. Content V2O5 in ore from 0,1-1,0 up to 29 %; impurity Fe, Ti, U, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mo, Al, P. Main getting foreign countries: the republic of South Africa, the USA, Finland, Chile.

VANADIUM (an armour. Vanadium), V, chemical element V of group of a periodic system, atomic number 23, atomic weight 50,9415. The title on behalf of drevneskandinavskoj goddesses of beauty Vanadis. Grey - steel solid metal. Firmness of 6,11 g / sm3, tïë 1920 °C. It is resistant against action of water and many acids. In earth crust it is absent-minded, often accompanies gland (iron oxides - the important industrial source of vanadium). Alloying constituent of structural steel and the alloys used in air and a space technology, marine shipbuilding, a component of superconducting alloys. Connections of vanadium use in a textile, paint-and-varnish, glass industry.

VANADIUM OXIDE, V2O5, red or yellow - red crystals; tïë 680 °C. Badly solves in water. The catalyst at obtaining sulfuric acid, a component of special glasses, glazes and luminophores.

VANAPRASTHA, in ancient India a wood hermit, the third Ashram in life an aria.

VANAHALBY, in the Estonian mythology evil spirits the woods analogous slavonic leshemu.

VANGENGEJM Alexey Feodosjevich (1881-1942), the Russian meteorologist. The organizer and the first chief (1929-35) Hydrometeorological services of the USSR; the organizer (1930) Weather bureaus of the USSR (nowadays Roskomgidromet).

VANDALISM, wanton destruction cultural and material assets.

VANDALS, group of the German nations. In 429-439 have conquered the Sowing. Africa also have based rannefeodalnoe a kingdom. In 455 have plundered Rome, have deleted many monuments of an ancient art. To 534 state of vandals it is conquered by Byzantium.

VAN - DE-GRAAFA the GENERATOR, see in an item. The electrostatic generator.

VANDEJSKIE WARS, governments of France against rebels - royalists in western provinces of country during Great French revolution and the Directory. The title on department Vendee - to the main locus in 1793. Alongside with nobility and clergy in rebelions the part of peasantry participat. Culminations Vandejskie of war have reached in 1793. The considerable sequence Vandejskih of wars - Kiberonskaja expedition 1795.

VANDEMER (from an armour. vindemia - a vintage), 1-st month (on September, 22/23 - on October, 21/22) the French republican calendar (1793-1805).

VANDEMERSKY REBELION, armed performance of the French royalists (aspiring to reduce a monarchy) in Paris on October, 3-5 (11-13 vandemjera) 1795. It is suppressed by the general Napoleon Bonaparte.

VANDER (Wander) Charles Fridrih Wilhelm (1803-79), the german teacher. Supported building unified school for children of all estates. Transactionses on theories of pedagogics and tutorials.

VAN - DER-VAALSA an EQUATION offered J.D.Van-der-Vaalsom (1873), the equation of state of real gas which is taking into account an extremity of volume of molecules and availability of intermolecular attractive forces; for one asking looks like: (p+a/V2) (V-b) V = RT, where: p - pressure, V - molar volume, T - absolute temperature, R - gas constant, a and b - the stationary values defining interaction of molecules of the given substance.

VAN - DER-VAALSOVY FORCES, intermolecular forces.

VANDERVELDE (Vandervelde) Emil (1866-1938), the Belgian socialist, the reformist. With 1900 chairman of International socialist office of 2-nd Internatsionala. A member of Parliament with 1894. In 1914 has come in government and up to 1937 repeatedly was minister (foreign businesses, justicia, etc.).

VENDEE, department in the west France, the centre royalist mjatezhej in the season of Great French revolution and the Directory.

VANDOMSKAJA the COLUMN, on Vandomskoj a square. Paris, content in 1806-10 (architects Z.B.Leper and Z.Gonduen) in honour of victories of Napoleon I. According to the decree of the Commune of Paris 1871 it eroded as a numeral of militarism. It recovered in 1875.