WAVE VECTOR, vector k which direction coincides a direction of propagation of a traveling wave. In isotropic mediums lengthways k the group velocity and energy flow of a wave are directed. In a quantum mechanics the condition of a unbound particle also is defined by a defined value of a wave vector, the bound with a pulse particles r a ratio de Brojlja: ð=hk.

"WAVE DUCT" (a director antenna, the Hook - the Yagi the antenna), the antenna by the way of some parallel linear electrical vibrators in length, close to 0,5 wavelengths located in plane along a line, conterminous to a direction of maximum radiance (method). The main application - method of television programs.

The WAVE PACKET, occupying restricted volume and a undular field transposed by the space. The wave packet can be decomposed for the sum of simple harmonic waves which frequencies lay in a fixed interval; the already a wave packet, the more this interval. At distribution to medium owing to a wave dispersion the wave packet deliquesces. In a quantum mechanics the field of probability assigned to wave function is considered, and the wave packet is wave function driving particles which possible localization in each instant is limited to some small range of coordinates. Center of a wave packet goes with mechanic speed particles. The quantum mechanical wave packet in due course deliquesces even in vacuo.

WAVE ABSORBER, hydrotechnical construction for protection against waves of a dock space. Distinguish wave absorbers protective (surrounded with the water space) and beregozashchitnye (located directly inshore).

VOLNUHIN Sergey Mihajlovich (1859-1921), the Russian sculptor. Was close to peredvizhnikam. A monument to the first printer to Ivan Fedorovu in Moscow (1909), iconic busts.

WAVES, the disturbances extending with terminal velocity in the space and carriers with self power without transmission of substance. Most often there are elastic waves, napr., acoustical, capillary waves and electromagnetic waves. Despite of a miscellaneous nature, all waves are subject to general regularities. If the disturbance is oriented along a direction of propagation, the wave calls longitudinal (napr., a sound wave in gas); if the disturbance lays in a plane, perpendicular to a direction of propagation, the wave calls cross (napr., an elastic wave extending along a catgut, an electromagnetic wave in a room). In the elementary event of a flat harmonic wave of change of oscillating value y in a point, otstojashchej apart x from a disturbing body, in time t descend under the law: where And - voltage of oscillation? - a wavelength, T - frequency period. More the composite waves it is possible to present by the way superpositions of harmonic waves.

WAVES MARTENO, a musical instrument (electrobackground) with the pad of piano type. Replicates only odnogolosnye melodies. It is constructed in 1920th. M.Marteno (Ì. Martenot, France). It utilised in a number of compositions of the French composers.

VOLNJANKI, a set of butterflies. Side panels in scope of 25-70 mm. Ok. 3000 kinds, predominary in woods of tropics and subtropics; over 60 kinds, primarily in woods from Baltic up to Priuralja, the Sowing. Caucasus, JUzh. Siberia and Primorski Krai. Many volnjanki harm to woods and gardens, napr., a gypsy moth, a nun moth.

VOLOBUYEV Vladimir Rodionovich (1909-87), the Russian and Azerbaijan pedologist, corresponding member AN the USSR (1968), academician AN of Azerbaijan (1958). Transactionses on ecology, gradings and diagnosis of soils. Has created the theory of washdown of soils. The state premium of the USSR (1967, 1980).

VOLOBUYEV Pavel Vasiljevich (r. 1923), the Russian historian, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1990). Transactionses on a history of October revolution and theoretical problems of a history.

VOLOGDIN Alexander Grigorjevich (1896-1971), the Russian geologist and a paleontologist, corresponding member AN the USSR (1939). The main transactionses on areal geology of the Asian part of the USSR, paleontology (arheotsiaty, stromatolity), stratigraphies.

VOLOGDIN Valentine Petrovich (1881-1953), the Russian scientist, one of pioneers of a high frequency art, corresponding member AN the USSR (1939). One of osnovatelej the Nizhniy Novgorod radiolaboratory. Has created high frequency engine generators with which help radio communication Moscow - New York (1925) for the first time is carried out; high-voltage mercury rectifiers. Under guiding Vologdina methods of high frequency soldering, quenching are developed, etc. The State premium of the USSR (1943, 1952).

The VOLOGDA RANGE, in northwest of the Russian Federation. 145,7 thousand êì2. The population of 1362 thousand person (1991), urban 65 %. 15 cities, 13 urban settlements (1992.) Center - Vologda. A surface - vsholmlennaja plain. Mean temperatures of January - 14 °S, July 18 °S. A rainfall ok. 500 mm annually. The rivers - Sukhona, the South, Mologa, Sheksna. Woods take ok. 2/3 terrains. In the Vologda region - part Darvinskogo of reservation. An industry: iron and steel industry, a machine industry, wood, wood-working, pulp and paper, chemical, mild, alimentary (maslosyrodelatelnaja, meat, dairy - canning); manufacture of a building materials. Art crafts (a canework of laces, blackening on silver). Milk cattle breeding, a flax production. Crops grain, feed crops. Cultivate a potato, vegetables. A poultry breeding. Navigation on the Volga-Baltic waterway, Severodvinsk water system.

The VOLOGDA LACE, kind of Russian lace, pletennogo on lace bobbins (wooden bacilluses); it is distributed in the Vologda region. The craft exists with 1-st chetv. 19 century. The pattern by the way the continuous continuous line derivated vypletennoj by a braid, acts on a background of thin ajour "lattice". In 1968 association "Snowflake" (the measurement laces, coverlets, napkins) is based.

VOLODARSK (up to 1956 settlements. Volodary), city in the Russian Federation, the Nizhniy Novgorod region. A depot (Parliament). 10,7 thousand inhabitants (1992). A food-processing industry.

VOLODAR ROSTISLAVICH (? - 1124), prince peremyshlsky. Achieved independence of ground Galitskoj of Kiev. Using the union with half-sheeps and Byzantium, together with the brother the Centaurea successfully struggled with the Hungarian and Polish feudal lords. Wared with knjazjami Svjatopolkom Izjaslavichem and David Igorevichem. It was affirmed together with the Centaurea in Terebovle.

VOLODIN (an ice-film. fam. Lifshits) Alexander Moiseevich (r. 1919), the Russian playwright. Scenes from daily life in plays " the Factory little girl " (production 1956), " Five evenings " (1959), " the Higher sister " (1961), "Lizard" (1982), "Blonde" (1984) and other bare social, moral, psychologic conflicts of the modern society. Scripts of films " Call, discover a door " (1965), " the Autumnal marathon " (1979), etc.