WHITE LOTUS, see. Bajljantszjao.

WHITE BEAR, predatory mammalian sets of bears. The length 2-2,5 (up to 3) m, weighs up to 700-800 kg. The sample representative of an Arctic fauna: populates range of floe ices and a shore the Sowing. Ledovitogo ok. Wanders in the summer. Well floats and dives. The main nutrition - seals. Was threatened destructions, but with kon. 70th number are recovered. Wrangel island is specially guarded in reservation. In the Red Data Book of the International union of nature protection and natural resources.

WHITE NILE (Bahr-el-Abjad), the title r. Nile in Sudan, on a plot from a lockin r. An ale - Gazal up to a mouth of Light-blue Nile. 957 kms, the area of basin of 1059 thousand êì2. Average discharge of water for Khartum 808 m3 / with. Navigation.

WHITE LIGHT, the composite on a spectral distribution a thermal radiation triggering in human eye neutral sensation in colour attitude (see also Complementary colours).

WHITE VERSE, verse without rhymes. Often, especially in a poetic drama ("Boris Godunov" of A.S.Pushkin), - 5-ñòîïíûé jamb. Compare with a loose verse.

The WHITE NOISE, acoustic noise, which spectral components uniform on all range of audible frequencies (napr., hum of a cataract).

WHITE Grigory Georgievich (1906-38), the Russian writer. Popularity has received as one of writers of the book "Republic Shkid" (1927, together with L.Panteleevym) - about the adolescents - homeless children who have appeared in nursery colony. Books: "Lapti" (1929), "White Guard" (1930), " the Dwelling of cheerful beggars " (1933). It is repressed (1937).

BELBEK, the river in Crimea. 55 kms, the area of basin 505 êì2. The m runs in Black. Average discharge of water 1,8 m3 / with. In July - September routinely dries up. It is used for an irrigation.

BELVEDERE (ital. belvedere, characters. - a perfect kind), a tower, a deckhouse above the building (routinely circular in the plan); pavilion, bower on a raised place; the title of some palaces in Vatican, Vienna, Prague, Warsaw.

BELVEDERSKY the TORSE, a mottled sitting statue in Vatican; has a signature Apollonia Athenian (it is grey. 1 century up to n. e.). It has been open in 16 century.

The BELGIAN ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, literatures, arts, is based in 1772 in Brussels.

BELGIAN REVOLUTION 1830, revolution in a Belgian province of the Netherlands kingdom against the Dutch domination. Began on August, 25 in Brussels, in September almost all terrain of country has been free of the Dutch troops. Has reduced in education of the do-it-yourself Belgian state.

BELGIAN SOCIALIST PARTY (BSP), is based in 1885 (in 1885-1940 called as the Belgian working consignment). Managing figures in the miscellaneous seasons: E.Vandervelde, K.Gjuismans, P.A.Spaak. One of master consignments of 2-nd Internatsionala, then Socialist internatsionala. Leaders BSP with 1945 repeatedly headed governments. In 1978 it was divided into Socialist party (ex - fonskuju) and Socialist party (Flemish).

BELGIAN CONGO, colony (1908-60) Belgium in Africa (in terrain sovr. Zaire).

BELGIUM (frants. Belgique, flam. Belgie), the Kingdom Belgium (frants. Royaume de Belgique, flam. Koninkrijk Belgie), the state in Zap. To Europe, for Boreal m. of 30,5 thousand êì2. The population 10 million person (1993), Flemings (58 %) and vallony (32,5 %). A urban population of 96,5 % (1991). Official languages - Netherlands, French and german. The majority of believers - roman catholics. Belgium - federation in structure French, Flemish and germanojazychnogo Communities. Administrative territorial division: 9 provinces. Capital - Brussels. Belgium - the constitutional monarchy. The chief of state - king. The body of legislation - two-chamber parliament. A large part of terrain - the plain risen from a coast of Boreal m. up to Ardenness (an altitude up to 694 m. Botranzh). A climate moderate, marine. Mean temperatures of January from 3 °C on a shore up to-1 °C in Ardenness, July accordingly from 19 up to 14 °C. Rainfall from 700-900 on plains up to 1200-1500 mm (in mountains) annually. The main rivers - Schelde and Maas. Soils brown wood and podzol. Broad-leaved forests (ok. 19,7 % of terrain). Cultural landscapes prevail. Numerous wildlife reserves and natural parks (From - Fan, Kalmthaut, etc.). The title from belgov, zaseljavshih country in an antiquity. In 1 century up to n. e. It is conquered by Rome. In Middle Ages Belgian terrain (duchies Brabants, Luxembourg, county Flanders, etc.) - A part of Netherlands historical in which structure in 16 century have appeared under spanish domination. The Netherlands revolution of 16 century has ended in a defeat in terrain of Belgium. As a result of war for the Spanish patrimony Belgian terrains become possession Austrian Gabsburgov (1714). In 1815-30 in structure of the Netherlands kingdom. Belgian revolution 1830 has reduced in building the do-it-yourself Belgian state. In 1908 Belgium has acquired a colonial possession - Belgian Congo (the beginning of capture - 70th of 19 century, up to 1908 " private possession " Belgian king), in 1922 - the mandate for Ruanda - Urundi. In 19 century in Belgium extirpation between batchwise Roman catholic (with 1945 on its basis - the Social - Christian consignment) and Liberal (with 1961 Consignment of freedom has deployed and advance), since 90th the ethnic question (Flemish motion) has become aggravated. In 1885 the Belgian working consignment (with 1941 - Belgian socialist party) is based. In the season of 1-st world war the large part of terrain of Belgium has been occupied by the German troops. After 2-nd world war of government (predominary coalition) were headed alternately by socialists and demohristianami. Belgium - highly-developed industrial country with an intensive agriculture (ok. 40 % of an industrial output are exported). A lobe in a gross internal product (1990, %): an industry and construction 29,3, an agriculture 1,9. A coal mining. Manufacture of the electric power 70,8 billion in kw. Hours (1990), ok. 60 % - on atomic power station. The iron and steel industry, a machine industry (automobile, electrotechnical, manufacture of the equipment of weapons), chemical (plastics materials, synfils, rubber) and petrochemical, textile, a flavoring industry are developed. Almazogranilnoe business, trade in brilliants. Main branch of an agriculture - meat-and-milk animal husbandry. The main agricultural crops: Wheat, barley, sugar-beet, potato, vegetables. Length (1990, one thousand in km) railways 3,48, motorways 12,8. The tonnage of a marine merchant marine fleet 3,3 million register gross tons (1990). Main seaport - Antwerp. Export: the industrial equipment, automobiles, the chemical and pharmaceutical goods, black and non-ferrous metals, textile, jeweller diamonds. The main foreign trade partners: Germany, France, Netherlands, the Great Britain. Monetary unit - belgium franc.

EELPOUTS, a stem of fishes of order okuneobraznyh. Length of a body 3 kinds, 2 of them zhivorodjashchi are routine till 50-60 see. In coastal ocean waters of Europe from La Manche up to White m., Far East seas and a northwest part Atlantic ok.; in Baltic m. - object of a craft.

BELKANTO (ital. bel canto, characters. - perfect singing), vocal style (has arisen in Italy in 17 century), distinguished by melodiousness, ease, beauty of sounding, perfection kantileny, refinement, virtuosity of a coloratura.

BELMAN (Bellman) Charles Mikael (1740-1795), the Swedish poet. Drinking songs (collections of " Message Fredmana ", 1790, " Songs Fredmana ", 1791), developing folklore and democratic traditions, contain a realistic pattern of life of Stockholm.

CATARACT (leucoma), nonperishable cicatrical opacification of a cornea of an eye after damage, inflammatory or ulcerous process. The cataract located against a pupil, sinks sight (sometimes up to blindness).

BELMONDO (Belmondo) Jean Pol (r. 1933), the French actor. It was taken out in films: " On the last respiration ", "CHochara", " the Person from Rio ", "Monster", "Dazzling", "Professional" "Minion of fortune", etc.