BOJARDO (Boiardo) Matteo Maria, columns Skandiano (Scandiano) (1441-94), the italian poet. In a knightly poem " In love Roland " (1495, it is unfinished) elements of medieval legends and the court novel interlace{bind}; F.Berni is reworked{altered}. Lyrics, epigrammy, eclogues.

BOYARS.. 1) in Russia 9-17 centuries the maximum estate of feudal lords. In the Old russian state - descendants rodo-breeding znati, the higher combatants - vassals and members of a princely duma, large landowners. Had the vassals, were immune also the right of leaving to other knjazjam. In the season{term} of feudal dissociation - the richest and most influential feudal lords, rivals of a princely authority. In the Novgorod republic actually steered the state. From 14 century of their right gradually limited knjazjami. At yards of grand dukes knew individual industries of a palace economy (acceptable boyars) and steering of the state territories. From 15 century in Russian state - the maximum of a peavine sluzhilyh people on fatherland, first a peavine of the Seignioral duma, took main administrative, judicial and military positions, headed orders, were voevodami. Were part of aristocracy. The rank is cancelled by Peter I in nach. 18 century in connection with liquidation of the Seignioral duma and process of reorganization of nobility.. .. 2) In Romania a class of feudal lords (in Middle Ages were divided on generic and pomestnyh), usual in 13-14 centuries. It is liquidated in 1945 as a result of an agrarian reform. BOJARKA, city (with 1956) on Ukraine, the Kiev region. A depot. 39,1 thousand inhabitants (1991). Machine works, etc. N.A.Ostrovsky Museum. A climatic health resort. Residues Scythian gorodishcha 7-3 centuries up to n were saved. e.

SEIGNIORAL DUMA.. 1) in the Kiev state advice{council} at prince of members of the higher team and other close faces to it{him}... 2) In the season{term} of feudal dissociation advice{council} of notable vassals at prince in great and specific principalities... 3) In Russian centralized state kon. 15 - nach. 18 centuries a permanent soslovno-representative body of aristocracy at grand duke (tsar) zakonosoveshchatelnogo the character, discussing problems external and internal policy.

SEIGNIORAL PISANITSA, rock drawings of the Iron Age (ok. 7-1 centuries up to n. e.) on rocks Bojary, along mean flow r. Dry Tes (in-leak{influx} of Yenisei), in Khakassia.

SEIGNIORAL Klavdija Sergeevna (r. 1939), Russian sportsmenka, the deserved master of sport (1964). CHempionka Olympic Games (1964) in cross-countr on 5, 10 kms and in relay race 3 h 5 kms, the world (1966) - on 10 kms and in relay race 3 h 5 kms, the USSR (1964-67) in different kinds{views} of races.

BOJARCHUK Alexander Alekseevich (r. 1931), Russian astrophysicses, the academician Russian AN (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1987). Transactionses on an astrospectroscopy, theories nestatsionarnosti asters, extra-terrestrial astronomy. The state premium of the USSR (1984).

HAWTHORN, stem of trees and bushes of a set pink. Ok. 200 (under other data, ok. 1000) kinds{views}, in the Sowing. To America and Eurasia. Fruits of some kinds{views} are edible. Many aglets the decorative, some medicinal - ex-expenditure from fruits or insist from flowers accept at vascular diseases.

PIERID BUTTERFLY, the butterfly of a set beljanok; the pest of fruit crops in Eurasia and the Sowing. To America. Side panels white with black veins. Eats (caterpillars) kidneys, leaves and flowers.

BPR (BPR), creative group of italian architects (on the first characters of surnames): Beldzhojozo (Belgioioso) Lodoviko (r. 1909), Peressutti (Peressutti) Enriko (r. 1908) and Rogers (Rogers) Ernesto Natan (r. 1909). Developing principles of architectonic rationalism, aspire to take into account national traditions and historically usual surrounding of buildings (a skyscraper Torr Velaska in Milan, 1956-58).

WING-BAR (frants. bras), a wall lamp (wing-bars - lamp-stands of 17-19 centuries from metal, glasses, a tree; electrical wing-bars of 20 century).

BRABANSONY, tjazhelovoznaja breed of horses, is introduced in 19 century in Belgium (Brabant). Animal large, early, serviceable. Cultivate in Europe and in the USA.

BRABANT (Brabant), medieval duchy, then (with kon. 15 century) one of 17 provinces of Netherlands historical. In consequent in part in structure of Netherlands (prov. A sowing. Brabant), in part Belgium (prov. Brabant, with 1830).

BRABANT REVOLUTION 1789-90, bourgeois, is directed against the Austrian domination in Belgian provinces. Began in Brabant. During her{it} all Belgian terrain has been free almost and independence of the United States of Belgium is professed. To kon. 1790 Austrian government has reduced the authority.

BRAVADO (frants. bravade), demonstration bravery, impudent waste trick.

BRAVE (Bravais) Ogjust (1811-63), French kristallograf. Has laid foundation the geometrical theory of space lattices of crystals (Bravais lattice).

BRAVE LATTICES, 14 three-dimensional geometrical lattices defining all possible{probable} phylums of a translation symmetry of crystals. Brave lattices will be derivated by action of a transfer operation (translation) on any point of a crystal. Brave lattices differ a symmetry of a unit cell, i.e. a ratio between its{her} crossbars and angles, and also a centrality.

HOME-MADE BEER (Braga), city on north-east of Portugal, an administrative centre of a district the Home-made beer. 63 thousand inhabitants (1985). The enterprises of a machine industry and metal working, textile, kozhevenno-boot, a food-processing industry. A casting{moulding} of church bells. Theological seminaries. One of the religious centres of country, a place of religious pilgrimage. Ancient capital Luzitanii. In kon. 11 - nach. 12 centuries a residence of the Portuguese kings. A cathedral (kon. 11 - nach. 12 centuries) it was repeatedly rearranged{reconstructed}; church Santa-Krush du Popolu (16-17 centuries).

HOME-MADE BEER (Braga) Teofilu (1843-1924), in 1910-11 prime minister of temporary republican government, in May - October 1915 temporary president of the Portuguese republic. Transactionses under the Portuguese literature, a history, philosophy, etc.