BRATISLAVA (Bratislava), capital of Slovakia, a port on Danube. 441 thousand inhabitants (1990). An international airport. Center chemical and a petrochemical industry. A machine industry, flavoring, textile, sewing, a printing industry. University. Slovak AN. Slovak national passageway. With 1541 capital of the Hungarian kingdom; exposed to german colonization (from 13 century german title Presburg, Pre? burg). With 1.1.1919 Bratislava - main city of Slovakia. The clasp the Hail (9-18 centuries), residues of urban strengthening (13-18 centuries), Gothic churches (over. Martina, 13-19 centuries), palaces in styles of Baroque and a classicism.

BRATISLAVSKY UNIVERSITY him{it}. J.A.Komenskogo, Slovakia (Czechoslovakia), is based in 1919. In 1991 over 18 thousand students.

BRATSK, city (with 1955) in the Russian Federation, Irkutsk region, a port on Bratsk water reservoir. A depot. 259,4 thousand inhabitants (1992). A timber industry complex. Factories: aluminium, a power machine industry, etc. Industrial institute. Theatre. Has arisen in connection with construction of the Brotherly river plant to the north of an arcaded settlement Bratsk (it is based in 1631 as gaffs), drowned waters of Brotherly water reservoir.

" BROTHERLY DEMOCRATS ", an international society in the London (1845-53). It is based left-handed chartistami and revolutionary emigrants. Chiefs - Dzh. Garni, E.Dzhons.

" BROTHERLY PEOPLE ", the Russian title the Buryat in 17-18 centuries.

BROTHERLY SCHOOLS, 1) vsesoslovnye educational institutions in 16-18 centuries at brotherhoods. An initial stage{step} - the letter, singing under notes; the higher - slavonic, Grecian, latin and other tongues, grammar, rhetoric, poetics, elements of mathematics and philosophy; orthodox religion... 2) In the Volga region in 1867-1913 missionary elementary schools " Brotherhoods over. Gurija ".

BROTHERLY WATER RESERVOIR, on r. Angara. It is derivated by a dam of a like river plant. It is filled in in 1961-67. The area 5470 êì2, water volume 169,3 êì3. 2 main{basic} of a reach: on r. Angara length of 500 kms, an extreme breadth of 33 kms; on r. Oka length of 370 kms. Navigation. It is used for a floating, water supply. Fishery. A port Bratsk.

BROTHERHOODS, national - religious and educational public organizations of 15-18 centuries at orthodox tserkvah Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania, Czechia (Lvov, it is based 1586; Kiev, 1615; Lutskaja, 1624, etc.). Struggled against national oppression and violent okatolichivanija the orthodox population. On structure reminded urban operations, had charters. Unclosed schools, printing houses, kollegiumy.

BRATTEJN (Brattain) Uolter (1902-87), American physics. Has discovered (1948) together with Dzh. Bardin the full-transistorized effect also has created the first transistor. The Nobel Prize (1956, together with Dzh. Bardin and U.Shokli).

BRATUS Sergey Nikitich (r. 1904), the Russian lawyer, doctor of juridical science, the honored worker of science of Russia (1960). Transactionses on a general theory of the right and the Soviet civic right.

BRATUHIN Ivan Pavlovich (1903-85), the designer, the scientist in range of a helicopter construction, Dr.Sci.Tech. (1962). Worked in a TsAGI, then in MAI where in developmental office under his{its} guiding a number{series} of helicopters has been exhausted by a small series, including "Omega". The state premium of the USSR (1946).

BRAUDO Isaj Aleksandrovich (1896-1970), the Russian organist, the pianist, the musicologist, the teacher, the honored worker of arts of Russia (1957), the doctor of art criticism (1965).

BRAULEZ (a pediculosis of bees), invazionnaja the disease called by the wingless fly - a bee louse. Workers are restless, a uterus terminate a laying of eggs, often perish.

BROWN (Braun) the Werner a background (1912-77), the designer of missiles. One of chiefs of the German military exploratory rocket-propelled centre in Penemjunde (1937-45) in which missile V-2 (Ôàó-2) has been built, applied by a german command for firing cities of the Great Britain and Belgium. With 1945 in the USA where under his{its} guiding missiles "Redstoun" are developed, the "Jove", launchers of a series "Saturn", etc.

BROWN (Brown) Gerbert (r. 1912), the American chemist. The main{basic} transactionses on chemistry of a milletgrass. Has discovered reaction of hydroborating (1959), has developed the quantitative methods of study of steric pressure{voltage;stress} of molecules. The Nobel Prize (1979, together with G.Vittigom).

BROWN (Brown) John (1800-59), the fighter for discharging of Negros - slaves in the USA. In 1855-56 has headed antislaveholding revolt in Kansas. Participat in activity of " the Underground railway ". In 1859 Brown in the chapter of small order has trapped a governmental arsenal in. Harpers-Ferri (Virginia). The order has been quenched by a troops and almost is completely exterminated, Brown is hung up.

BROWN (Braun) Charles Ferdinand (1850-1918), german physics. Transactionses on radio engineering. Has offered t. n. Brown tube for probe of electrical oscillations. Has created a crystal and some phylums of antennas. The Nobel Prize (1909, together with G.Markoni).

BROWN (Brown) Michael Stjuart (r. 1941), American genetics. Activities on the mechanism of the transport of lipids and regulations of a cholesteric exchange in an organism animal and the person. The Nobel Prize (1985; together with Dzh. L.Goldstajnom).

BROWN Nikolay Leopoldovich (1902-75), the Russian poet. In the poetry noted by search of a new means of expressiveness, reverts to a theme of a nature, destinies of writers and poets, personal memories. Collections of verses: " the World and the master " (1924), " the Sortie in the future " (1931), "Accuracy" (1936), " Marine glory " (1945), " the Earth in clear " (1955), "Painting" (1963), " Only about life " (1972), etc.