BRITTANY, historical range and the modern economic region in France, on p-ove Brittany. In terrain of Brittany - departments Finister, the Cat - dju-Nor, Morbian, Il and Vilen. 27,2 thousand êì2. The population 2,8 million person (1992). Main city - Ren. With it is grey. 9 century duchy. In 2-nd floor. 12-13 centuries the vassal English, then the French kings. With 1491 in the personal union with France. It is adjoined to France in 1532, up to 1790 had the status of a province.

BRITTANY (Bretagne), peninsula in the west France. The prol is washed against. La Manche and Atlantic ok. Coasts low, rocky, riasovogo type. An altitude up to 384 m (Armorikanskaja vozv.). Heathlands, peat bogs, landscapes of type bokazh.

BRET-REGULUS METAL, see Regulus metal F.B.

BRETON (Breton) Andre (1896-1966), the French writer, one of founders of surrealism. (" the Manifest of surrealism ", 1924). In declarations of 1930th, in books " the Lariat 17 " (1945), " the Lamp in hours " (1948), not accepting bourgeois crop, asserted{approved}, that the personality finds freedom only in the intuitive mental certificates{acts} depressed{supressed} by a society.

BRETONSKAJA the HORSE, tjazhelovoznaja breed, is introduced in France (Brittany), cultivate in the same place. Animal mean growth, hardy and serviceable. It was used at breeding torijskoj breeds.

BRETONSKY TONGUE, falls into to indo-european family of tongues (the Celtic group). Writing on the basis of the latin alphabet.

BRETONTSY, people in France (Brittany). 1,05 million person (1992). Tongue bretonsky. Believing roman catholics.

BREHOVSKIH Leonid Maksimovich (r. 1917), Russian physics, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1968). The hero Socialist Transactionses (1987). Transactionses after soundman, theories of distribution{propagation} acoustical and electromagnetic waves. Has discovered a ultralong acoustic propagation at-sea (together with other). The lenin premium (1970), State premiums of the USSR (1951, 1976).

BRESHA (Brescia) (Brescia), city in the Sowing. Italy, in range Lombardy, an administrative centre prov. Bresha. 197 thousand inhabitants (1990). Metallurgy, a machine industry, chemical, mild, a food-processing industry. University. Academy of the literature and art. Art passageways. Residues drevnerimskih constructions. A town hall (11-13 centuries), cathedral Duomo Vekkju (11-15 centuries).

BRESHKO-BRESHKOVSKAJA Ekaterina Konstantinovna (1844-1934), the Russian political figure. With nach. 1870th bordered on to populists, participat in " boating in people ". In 1874-96 in prison, on penal servitude and in the reference. One of creators and leaders of a consignment eserov, its{her} Battle organization. The participant of Revolution 1905-07. In 1907-17 again in prison and the reference. After February revolution played an active role among dextral eserov. October revolution has considered in a hostile way: participat in extirpation with the Soviet authority in the Volga region and Siberia. In 1919 has emigrated. In revolutionary and democratic circles it is known as " the grandmother of Russian revolution ".

HEDGE-HOPPING FLIGHT, flight of an airplane at extreme small altitude (5-50 ì) with the purposes of sudden assault on the object covered with air defense weapons. Since 50th the term " flight at extreme small altitude " (up to 200 ì) is applied.

BRIAKSIS from the Hickory (2-n a floor. 4 century up to n. e.), the ancient greek sculptor. Worked on a dressing of the Mausoleum in Galikarnase. The writer of five titanic statues of gods on Rhodes, statues Asklepija and Gigieji in Megarah. In Alexandria worked in Serapione, sanctuary{holy place} Serapisa, and has created the well-known statue of the god representing it{him} similar on Zevsa mature man with gap-filling fruits by a basket on a head. Circle Briaksisa posesses a statue sitting on throne Demetry (the British museum, the London). For his{its} style it is characteristic mild shadow modelirovka surfaces of marble.

BRIAN (Boroime) (Brian, Boroimhe) (926 or 941-1014), supreme king of Ireland with 1002. In 1014 army Briana has routed the Danes who have intruded to Ireland in battle at place Klontarf, however itself Brian has been killed.

BRIAN (Briand) Aristidas (1862-1932), repeatedly in 1909-31 prime minister of France and Minister for Foreign Affairs. One of initiators of the design of building of unit " Pan - Europe ", Kelloga - Briana the pact 1928, etc. In 20th conducted anti-soviet policy; in 1931 has taken steps to rendezvous{approach} of France from the USSR. The Nobel Prize of the world (1926 together with G.Shtrezemanom) for " pacific settlement of international attitudes{relations} ".

BRIANTSA (Brianza) Karlotta (1867-1930), the italian actress of ballet. Master solistka theatre " Ac the Rock ". In 1887-91 acted in Russia. The first performer of a consignment of the Aurora in ballet " the Latent beauty " P.I.Chajkovskogo.

BRIG (English brig, abbr. from ital. brigantino - a brigantine), 1) a marine sailing two-masted vessel with goosewings... 2) In a VTR - the battle sailing ship{spacecraft} (18-19 centuries).

BRIGADE (frants. brigade).. 1) tactical connection in all kinds{views} of armed forces, service arms (forces), a special troops; exists{breathes} in different countries about 2-nd floor. 16 century, in Russia - with nach. 18 century. In a land forces will consist routinely of several batallions (divisions) and subdividings of a special troops. Can be separate or enter{include} in a division... 2) the Group of faces in unison executing{designing} a fixed complex of activities.

The FOREMAN (a nem. Brigadier).. 1) an officer grade in Russian army in 18 century, intermediate between the colonel and the general - major; exists{breathes} in English and other armies... 2) the Chief of a production team.

The BRIGADE COMMISSIONER, military rank (in 1935-42) the maximum political-military structure of Red Army and a VTR.