VACLAV Svjatoj (ok. 907-935 or 936), the Czech prince with 924, from stem Przhemyslovichej. Promoted distribution{propagation} of christianity (under the roman catholic solemnity). It is killed by conspirators. It is declared by church "sacred", the cartridge of Czechia.

VATSURO Vadim Erazmovich (r. 1935), the Russian literary critic. Probes under the Russian literature 1-st floor. 19 century (including about A.S.Pushkin, M.J.Lermontov, A.A.Delwig, D.V.Davydove), about a literary household activities pushkinskogo time.

VACH (sanskr. The word), vedijskaja the goddess of speech, the word and wisdom.

VACHA, a urban settlement in the Russian Federation, the Nizhniy Novgorod region, in 35 kms from zh.-d. An item. A metal worker. 7,5 thousand inhabitants (1989). Arcaded (since 17 century) the centre of manufacture of a metal goods.

VACHNADZE Natalia (NATO) Georgievna (1904-53), the Georgian actress, the national actress of Georgia (1941). It was taken out in films: " For a pillory ", " the Last masquerade ", " the Yellow-green valley ", etc. The State premium of the USSR (1941). Has perished in fatal flight accident.

VASHVARI the Forest fire (1826-49), the Hungarian political figure, the historian, the chief (from S.Petefi) revolts in Peshte during Revolution 1848-49 in Hungary. Propagandized ideas of Utopian socialism. It is killed in fight with the Austrian troops.

WASHINGTON (Washington), staff in the west the USA. The area of 176,6 thousand êì2. The population 5,2 million person (1993). Adm. ts. - Olympia.

WASHINGTON of a Henry Stevens (1867-1934), the American petrographer and the geochemist, foreign corresponding member AN the USSR (1932). Transactionses on a technique of a chemical analysis of rocks and their chemical grading. Together with F.Clark studied a prevalence of chemical elements in earth crust.

WASHINGTON George (1732-99), 1-st president the USA (1789-97), the commander-in-chief army of colonizers in War for independence in the Sowing. To America 1775-83. The chairman of the Convent (1787) on a yield of the Constitution the USA. Supported conservation by the United States of neutrality concerning contest between the european mandatory powers. Has refused to run for on a presidential post{station} for third time. WASHINGTON (Washington) George (on February, 22 1732, Wakefield, Virginia - on December, 14 1799, Maunt-Vernon, in the same place), the American statesman and the commander, 1-st president the USA (1789-97) .Ot the planter up to the commander-in-chief Was born in family of the planter. In 11 flying has lost the father; on formation of his{its} personality the considerable influence was rendered by the higher step-brother Lawrence. Has received domestic education, was engaged in self-education. With 1749 was a bound setter of county Kalpepper. After mors of the brother in 1752 Maunt-Vernon inherited a manor. In 1752 has become the major of an aboriginal home guard, within Seven-year war participated in act of war against the French troops during which it was distinguished and has been made in colonels. In 1759 married the pullet{young man} widow March Dandridzh Kastis. To 1758-74 Washington it was elected in legislative assembly of Virginia. He criticized a colonial policy of the Great Britain, promoted boycott of the British goods, but disapprovingly accepted violent actions, similar to " the Boston tea drinking " (1773). In 1774-75 was one of representatives of Virginia on the Continental congress. Soon Washington has realized apogeny of attempts of conciliation with the parent state and after the first armed conflicts was in a pointed manner dressed in the military form. In June 1775 it is solidly selected the commander-in-chief army which headed during all War for independence in Boreal America 1775-83. Having created army actually on an empty place, he has passed with her a long path{route} from osady Boston (1776), for what have been awarded by a congress of a memorable golden medal, before surrender of the English troops for Jorktauna (1781). In November 1783, after signing the Parisian peace treaty, has combined the authorities. The first president Having justified in Maunt-Vernon, Washington remained in locus of political attention. The adherent of intensifying of a central authority, he has been selected the president of the Constitutional convent which has produced in 1787 Constitution the USA. Popularity and a final authority of Washington have caused his{its} election on a post{station} of the president of country which he has taken on April, 30 1789. In 1792 he is solidly re-elected on new time. On this post{station} Washington aspired{tried} to put into practice the constitution, promoted building of controls, reseat of mechanisms of operation of three branches of an authority, mortgaged a fundamentals of a political system the USA. Washington has included leaders of contradictory political groups in the first government - republican T.Jefferson and federalist A.Gamiltona. Have been adopted and have started to implement designed Hamilton of the program on stabilization financial and industrial development the countries missed intentionally republicans. Transition of the president from nadpartijnoj to support of federalists has reduced items in an exacerbation of internal political situation. In attitudes{relations} with an aboriginal population Washington relied on military force, having forced Indians to concede many terrains. During performances{statements} in 1794 farmers of western Pennsylvania protesting against the fiscal policy of government (" revolt because of a whisky "), the president without hesitation force has suppressed this first in a history of country a call, waste the government. In an orb of foreign policy Washington supported non-interference the USA in confrontation of the european mandatory powers, having emited in 1793 leaflet of neutrality. Agreement Dzheja signed in November by 1794 special deputy of the president, has eliminated threat of war with the Great Britain, but has actually cracked country on two camps. More the favourable was attitude{relation} to agreement Pinkni 1795, steady borders{limits} between the USA and spanish possessions and at last granted to Americans the right of freedom of navigation across Mississipi. " Father of the nation " Some kind of the will of Washington " the Farewell message ", published on September, 19 1796 has become. In a nem the demitting president has invoked fellow citizens to fix the union of staffs, to not undermine the bases{fundamentals} of the constitution and form of government, to escape " withering influence of party spirit ". Washington bequeathed also " to sustain the world and the consent with all countries ", to develop with them trade relations, but to have " as small as possible political communications{connections} ". The last rule{situation;position} has become the basis{fundamentals} of policy of isolationism. The role of " the father of the nation " as well as possible answered ambitious aspirations of Washington and has been played by him{it} with dignity. The last years of life of Washington have passed in Maunt-Vernon in a circle of family and numerous visitors. The authority of the ex-president has been claimed again in the season{term} of a sharp aggravation of relations with France in the summer 1798 when Washington has been appointed as the commander-in-chief the American army in a peavine of the general - lieutenant. On December, 12 1799, committing a traditional bypass road top part of the possessions, Washington has hitted under a rain and snow, has caught a cold and in two days has deceased. On December, 18 he has been buried in Maunt-Vernon. The writer of the mourning resolution of a congress general G.Li has described Washington as " first in days of war, the first world in days and first in hearts of fellow citizens ". In honour of Washington the capital of country, staff, lake and an island, a mountain and a canyon, flock of occupied points, colleges and universities, streets and the areas is called. In 1888 in capital USA the majestic monument (from above 150 m by an altitude) to the first American president has been open{discovered}. Literatura:Jakovlev N. N. Washington. Ì., 1973. The Writings of George Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources 1745-1799 / Ed. by J. C. Fitzpatrick. Washington, 1931-1944. V. 1-39. Freeman D. S. George Washington: A Biography. New York, 1948-1957. V. 1-7. Flexner G. T. George Washington: A Biography. Boston, 1965-1972. V. 1-4. Fereing J. E. The First of Men. A Life of George Washington. Knoxwille (Tn.), 1988. V.N.Pleshkov

" WASHINGTON the POST{STATION} " (" Washington Post "), the daily newspaper in the USA. It is based in 1877.

The WASHINGTON CONFERENCE 12.11.1921-6.2.1922, conference the USA, the Great Britain, China, Japan, France, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium and Portugal; has recorded the correlation of forces built after 1-st world war in bass. Quiet ok., the favourable for the USA. The major solutions of the Washington conference: the Agreement of four mandatory powers, the Agreement of five mandatory powers, the Agreement of nine mandatory powers. The Soviet Russia has not received the invitation on a conference. The delegacy of Far East republic arriving Washington, on a conference has not been allowed.

VASHKA, the river in a north of the European part of the Russian Federation, the left-handed in-leak{influx} of Mezen. 605 kms, the area of basin of 21 thousand êì2. Average discharge of water ok. 203 m3 / with. It is navigable on 288 kms from landing stage Ust-Vacherga.

VASHKOVTSY, city (with 1940) on Ukraine, Chernovtsy region. A depot. 5,9 thousand inhabitants (1991). A cannery, manufacture of art items.

VASHLOVANSKY RESERVATION, on the orient Georgia. It is based in 1935. The area 8034 ga. A pistachio nut, a juniper. Epines granatovogo woods. A brown bear, a streaky hyena, a stone partridge, a turtledove. 18 kinds{views} amphibian and kowtowing.

VAJU, in vedijskoj and induistskoj mythologies the god of an airspace and a wind, father Marutov. Travels on a chariot.

SCULPTURING, the same, that a sculpture. In fine-bored sense - a punching, a chiselling of a sculpture from solid materials.

VAJANSKY Svetozar (1847-1916), the Slovak writer. In the collection of verses " Tatra mountains and the pest " (1880) protest against national oppression; the novel from life of a top of a Slovak society (" the Dry branch ", 1884; "Kotlin", 1901).

INTRODUCTION (candlemas of the Deipara), one of religious dvunadesjatyh holidays.