"VERKBUND" (a nem. Werkbund - the industrial union), association of architects, masters of an ornamental art and industrialists. German "Verkbund" it is based in 1907 in Munich, in 1933 it is abolished by fascists, in 1947 it is recreated in Dusseldorf. Austrian "Verkbund" it is based in 1912 in Vienna. "Verkbundy" promoted a becoming of design of reorganization of the architecture and art handcrafts on the modern industrial basis{fundamentals}.

VERKOR (Vercors) (an ice-film. A name and fam. Jean Brjuller, Bruller) (1902-91), the French writer. The story " Silence starving " (1942) and the book of memoirs " Battle of silence " (1967) about Resistance movement; morally - philosophical problems in the novel " People or animal? " (1952). A social parable " As the brother " (1973), the novel " Tender downfall " (1974), sketches.

VERLEN (Verlaine) Pol (1844-96), the French poet - symbolist. Has entered into lyrical poetry the composite world of feelings and experiences, has given a verse the thin musicality (collections " Gallant festivals ", 1869; " Romances without words ", 1874; "Wisdom", 1881). The book of literary - critiques " the Damned poets " (1884). Autobiographical "Confession" (1895).

FREE VERSE, see. A loose verse.

VERLGOFA DISEASE, the same, that purpura trombotsitopenicheskaja.

VERMAHT (a nem. Wehrmacht), the title of armed forces of fascist Germany in 1935-45.

VERMER DELFTSKY (Vermeer van Delft) JAn (1632-75), the Dutch painter, worked in Delft. Small intimal patterns from life of town-dwellers (" the Girl with the letter ", " the Wine glass of wine "), landscapes (" the Kind{View} of Delft ", "Ulichka") differ poetic perception of daily life, classical clearness of a composition, oof and thinness of colour, alive vibration of light and air.

VERMEHO, see. Bermeho.

VERMICULITE, mineral of group of hydromicas of subclass of layered silikates with the approximate formula (Mg, Fe2 +, Fe3 +) 3 (OH) 2 [(Si, Al) 4O10] 4H2O. Impurity{additives} Ca, Ni. Golden yellow or brown scutal units, less often crystals. Hardness 1-1,5; firmness of 2,4-2,7 g / sm3. At calefaction up to 900-1000 °S swells up, expanding at 20-30 time. Hydrothermal and hypergenic. Heat-insulating, a sound-absorbing material, filler of light betons, etc.

VERMIPSILLEZY, invazionnye diseases animal, called by fleas - vermipsillami. Symptoms: a dermal itch, education of woolless epines of a leather, an emaciation.

VERMONT (Vermont), staff on north-east the USA. 24,9 thousand êì2. The population of 576 thousand person (1993). Adm. ts. - Montpiljer.

VERN (Verne) ZHjul (1828-1905), the French writer, one of creators of a genre of science fiction. The writer mnogochislenyh (ok. 70) sci-fi, prikljuchenchesko-geographycal and social - Utopian products{creations}, including novels " From the Earth to moon " (1865), " Children of the captain of the Underback " (1867-68), " 20000 lje underwater " (1869-70), " the Mysterious island " (1875). Some scientific ideas It is correct have appeared afterwards embodied in a real. The writer - humanist, in many products{creations} (the novel " the Lord of the world ", 1904, etc.) opposed uses of science in criminal purposes.

VERNADSKY Ivan Vasiljevich (1821-84), the Russian economist, the professor of the Kiev and Moscow universities (1846-56). The main{basic} transactionses on political economy, histories of economic idea, statistics and customs - tariff policy.

VERNADSKY of the MOUNTAIN, subglacial mountains in Vost. To Antarctica, in eastern part of Queen Maud land. Length ok. 400 Km, an altitude over 1600 m above sea level. A glacial cover above mountains power up to 1000 m. Are open{discovered} in 1964 Soviet expedition and are called named V.I.Vernadsky.

VERNE (Vernet), family of the French painters 18-19 centuries: 1) Klod ZHozef (1714-89), the writer of marine landscapes. 2) Charles (1758-1836), the caricaturist and batalist. 3) Oras (1789-1863), the ceremonial historical painter.

The WERNER (Werner) Abraam Gotlob (1749-1817), the german geologist and mineralog, the founder of scientific school. Has developed grading rocks and minerals. The founder neptunizma.

The WERNER (Werner) Alfred (1866-1919), the Swiss chemist - neorganik, one of creators of chemistry of complexes. The writer of the coordination theory of complexes (1891-93). The Nobel Prize (1913).

VERNIGERODE (Wernigerode), city in Germany, ground Saxony - Anhalt. 35 thousand inhabitants (1991). Electrotechnical, instrument-making, a chemical industry. Fahverkovye houses of 16-17 centuries. A climatic health resort in piedmonts of Harz.