" EASTERN BANK " (a nem. "Ostwall"), a strategic defensive boundary of a german troops on the sovetsko-German front, constructed by the autumn 1943. Passed through link: ð. Narva, Pskov, Vitebsk, Orsha, r. Sozh, mean flow r. Dnepr (the basis{fundamentals} of " Eastern bank "), r. Milk. To the extremity of September 1943 Soviet troops have broken through " Eastern bank ".

EASTERN PROBLEM, adopted in diplomacy and in the historical literature notation of international contraventions in 18 - nach. 20 centuries, the bound with the scheduled disintegration of Ottoman empire, spreading national-liberation motion naseljavshih empire of peoples and extirpation of the european great powers for section of its{her} possessions (some explorers actuate in concept of Eastern problem also a broad complex of political problems Compare. The orient and Caucasus).

EASTERN PROVING RANGE (Eastern Test Range), a launching site the USA on a cape Canaveral and on about. Merritt, pieces. Florida. It is built in 1946. Test launchings of missiles with 1950; the first start of an artificial satellite of the Earth in 1958 ("Explorer - 1"). On Eastern proving range the considerable proportion of space probes the USA implements.

EASTERN MANYCH, the river in the south of the European part of the Russian Federation. 141 kms, with a drainless lower reaches over 200 kms, the area of basin of 12,5 thousand êì2. Enters in Kumo-Manychskuju water system. On Eastern Manyche - CHongarskoe vdhr.

" EASTERN PACT ", the contract draft on an aid-giving behavior between the USSR, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Finland, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania against aggression of fascist Germany. The idea of " Eastern pact " has been pushed in nach. 1934 French Minister for Foreign Affairs L.Bart; after his{its} assassination (1934) French ruling circles have refused this idea.

EASTERN PASS (Krusenstern pass, TSusimsky a channel), southeast pass of the Korean prol. Between islands Tsushima in the west and islands Iki and Okinosima on the orient. The least width of 46 kms, a critical depth on a fairway of 92 m.

EASTERN SAYAN MOUNTAINS, a range in the south of Siberia. Length ok. 1000 kms (from a left bank of Yenisei in a southeast almost up to coasts an eskar. Baikal). Prevails{dominates} srednegornyj a relief with an altitude up to 2000 m; an extreme wave height of 3491 m (in a mass Munku-Sardyk). On a right bank r. Irkut - intermountain hollows (see. Tunkinskaja a hollow). A glaciation (a gross area ok. 30 êì2). On downslopes the taiga, is higher - a thin forest and mountain tundra. Reservation "Piles". Deposits of mica, black lead, bauxites, phosphorites, etc.

EASTERN BACKBONE, range on the orient of Kamchatka. Length of 600 kms. Will consist from separate hrebtov (an altitude up to 2485 ì) with abrupt western and more cavicorn eastern downslopes. Woods of park type and shrubs (a rhododendron, a dwarf siberian pine).

VOSTRETS, the same, that a sedge.

VOSTRJAKOVO, a urban settlement in the Russian Federation, the Moscow region. A depot. 21 thousand inhabitants (1991). Wood-working and house-building combines.

"RISE", a series of multipiece spacecrafts for flights on an earth orbit. Under the program "Rise" problems of improvement of interaction of crew members in flight were decided, the capability of activity of the person in outside space was studied, scientific both biomedical probes and technical experiments were conducted. "Rise" will consist of a descent vehicle with system of mild planting, a braking propulsion system and an equipment compartment. "Rise - 2" had the airlock. Maximum mass of "Rise" 5,68 t. In 1964-65 have committed flights 2 ships{spacecrafts} "Rise" with 5 astronauts. For the first time flight of crew (V.M.Komarov, K.P.Feoktistov, B.B.Egorov, 1964) is accomplished and the first output of the person in outside space (A.A.Leonov, 1965) is carried out.

CLIMBING FROM the ABSTRACT TO CONCRETE, the research technique of object consisting in transition from the abstract and secund knowledge about a nem to his{its} more and more concrete reproduction in theoretical intellection - as systems of scientific definitions (see. Abstraction, Concrete); one of philosophy of dialectic.

VOSMERIK, in the Russian and Ukrainian architecture (predominary 17-18 centuries) the 8-coal structure in the plan or a part of a structure, is frequent on the 4-coal grounding (" vosmerik on chetverike ").

EIGHT-YEAR SCHOOL, in 1959-84 comprehensive school in the USSR, producing incomplete secondary education.

The VOTE (from an armour. votum - desire, will), the judgement expressed voting. In state law the vote of confidence - approval by parliament of activity of government. In a number{series} of the foreign states at rendition of the non-confidence vote the government, as a rule, leaves in demission or the parliament (lower chamber) explodes{expands} the chief of state and advance parliamentary elections are carried out{conducted}.

VOTCHAL Eugeny Filatovich (1864-1937), the physiologist of plants, the founder of the Ukrainian scientific school, academician AN of Ukraine (1921). The main{basic} transactionses on motion of water in trees, an electrophysiology of plants, private{individual} physiology of sugar-beet.

ANCESTRAL LANDS... 1) the most ancient kind{view} of a land property in Russia passing by right of succession. Has arisen in 10-11 centuries (princely, seignioral, conventual), in 13-15 centuries a prevailing land tenure. With kon. 15 century stood up to{countered;resisted} to a manor with which approached in 16-17 centuries and in nach. 18 century has drained in one kind{view} - a manor. Hereinafter an ancestral lands - any feudal land property.... 2) the Term used in the Russian historical literature for notation of a complex of a feudal land property and bound with it{her} of rights to dependent peasants. As a rule, it was divided into a domonical economy (domain) and country derzhanija. Within the limits of an ancestral lands to its{her} proprietor (possessing the right of immunity) belonged administrative and the judicial authority, the right of levy. Synonyms of an ancestral lands - senjorija, the manor, a manor.

VOTCHINNAJA the INDUSTRY, industrial enterprises in Russia, forming by landowners in the manors on the basis of the serf of transactionses.

VOTCHINNAJA the THEORY, system of views of historians (primarily 2-nd floor. 19 - nach. 20 centuries), retracted to a medieval Western-European ancestral lands defining role in socio economic, political, cultural life of a Middle Ages. Representatives: Fjustel de Kulanzh, Sibom, etc. (for them an ancestral lands - one of initial institutes of a human society), Imana-SHternegg, Lamprehe, etc. (combined votchinnuju the theory with elements of the communal theory).